WMNS 1103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Disability Rights Movement, Disability-Adjusted Life Year, Disability Studies
30 May 2018
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The Color of Violence Chapter 2: Disability in the New World Order by Nirmala Erevelles
• Relationship between disability and poverty is well established: living with a disability
adds to the risks of living in poverty, while conditions of poverty increase the possibility
of becoming disabled
• Colonialism is the main cause for the Third World Economic Crises because it
impoverished colonies by having them occupy the lowest division of labor.
• The World Bank, the US, and Great Britain became the principle donors for struggling
colonies to build up an economy and infrastructure after decades of economic
exploitation. These colonies and countries were encouraged to promote private
investment and support trade and tariff reforms that benefitted the donor nations.
• Most of the labor offered to Third World women are low wage factory production and
service jobs because they’re considered cheap pliable labor.
• Third World Women are faced with the sole responsibility of meeting the households
cost needs. These women are forced to takes in informal and other low wage sectors
while their unpaid labor escalates because they have to stretch the limited funds of their
household. Health is then affected by reduced food consumption, stress and domestic
violence.
• UNICEF’s list of major causes of disability among third world children: inadequate
nutrition of mothers and children, vitamin deficiencies, abnormal prenatal events,
infectious diseases, accidents and other environmental factors such as pollution or poor
sanitation. All of these conditions occur in third world countries.
• Although the World Bank has increased lending for health services over the years, low
income countries can’t meet and maintain health service costs while also having to pay
off their diets. Additionally, small user charges to clients using public health services has
resulted in a decline in access to and use of those health services.
• CBRs (community based rehabilitation programs actively supported by the World Bank)
have had the philosophy of integrating disabled people into the social mainstream. In
attempt to ensure maximum cost-efficiency, policy makers assume the support for these
programs will come from community. However this very concept of inclusion becomes
exploitative. These only transfer the costs of services to the community. The additional
costs of these services continue to be absorbed by both paid and unpaid working women.
• Using the DALY (disability adjusted life year- a unit used by the World Bank for
measuring the global border of disease and the effectiveness of health interventions), the
World Bank priories health interventions by which are the most cost effective. Children
and the elderly have lower value than young adults, and disabled persons who are unable
to work are awarded zero value and therefore have little entitlement to health services at
public expense.
• Disability studies have critiqued how ablest society has constructed disabled people as
defective and incapable of contributing to society.
• The logic under which capitalism operates has negative effects on disabled individuals.
They have little labor value within the competitive marketplace. They are therefore seen
as a liability to government spending rather than an investment. They are then seen as
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