HUEC 1000 Chapter : ENERGY BALANCE AND WEIGHT CONTROL F 2011
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#7
If a monopolist or a perfectly competitive firm is producing at a break-even point, then:
i. average revenue is equal to average variable cost
ii. average revenue is equal to average total cost
iii. total revenue is equal to total variable cost
iv. total revenue is equal to total cost
i |
ii |
iii |
i and iii |
ii and iv |
#8
A natural monopoly, such as a local electricity provider, is the result of:
i. a firm owning or controlling a key input used in the production process
ii. economies of scale existing over a wide range of output
iii. long-run average total costs declining continuously as output increases
iv. long-run total costs declining continuously as output increases
i |
ii |
iii |
iv |
ii and iii |
ii and iv |
ii, iii, and iv |
#9
What do economies of scale, the exclusive ownership of essential raw materials used in the production process, and patents have in common?
they are all barriers to entry |
they all help explain why a monopolists demand and marginal revenue curves are identical |
they must all be present before a monopolist may practice price discrimination |
they all help explain why a firms short run average total cost curve is U-shaped |
#10
The principle that a firm should produce up to the point where the marginal revenue (MR) from the sale of an extra unit of output is equal to the marginal cost (MC) of producing the extra unit applies:
to both perfectly competitive firms and monopolies |
only to monopolies |
only to perfectly competitive firms |
only to firms that can employ discriminatory pricing strategies |
#11
A monopoly is producing a level of output such that marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. The firm is selling its output at a price of $8 per unit and is incurring average variable costs of $5 per unit and average total costs of $10 per unit. Given this information, it may be concluded that the firm:
is operating at maximum total profit |
is operating at a loss that could be reduced by shutting down |
is operating at a profit that could be increased by producing more output |
is operating at a loss that is less than the loss incurred by shutting down |
#12
Suppose the demand function for a profit maximizing monopolists good is P = 120 - 0.2Q, its total cost function is TC = 40 + 4Q + Q2, and its marginal cost function is MC = 4 + 2Q. If the firm uses a uniform pricing strategy, then rounded to the nearest unit of output and to the nearest dollar the firm will:
produce 48 units of output, charge a price of $110, and earn a total profit of $5280 |
produce 48 units of output, charge a price of $110, and earn a total profit of $2744 |
produce 52 units of output, charge a price of $134, and earn a total profit of $5322 |
produce 52 units of output, charge a price of $134, and earn a total profit of $4016 |
Salvatore Chapter 1:
Discussion Questions: 9. How is the concept of a normal return on investment related to the distinction between business and economic profit?
Problems:
5. Determine which of the two investment projects a manager should choose if the discount rate of the firm is 10%. The first project promises a profit of $100,000 in each of the next 4 years, while the second project promises a profit of $75,000 in each of the next 6 years.
6. Determine which of the two investment projects of Problem 5 the manager should choose if the discount rate of the firm is 20%.
15. Integration Problem Samantha Roberts has a job as a pharmacist earning $30,000 per year, and she is deciding whether to take another job as the manager of another pharmacy for $40,000 per year or to purchase a pharmacy that generates a revenue of $200,000per year. To purchase the pharmacy, Samantha would have to use her $20,000 savings and borrow another $80,000 at an interest rate of 10% per year. The pharmacy that Samantha is contemplating purchasing has additional expenses of $80,000 for supplies, $40,000 for hired help, $10,000 for rent, and $5,000 for utilities. Assume that income and business taxes are zero and that the repayment of the principle of the loan does not start before 3 years. (a) What would be the business and economic profit if Samantha purchased the pharmacy? Should Samantha purchase the pharmacy? (b) Suppose that Samantha expects that another pharmacy will open nearby at the end of 3 years and that this will drive the economic profit of the pharmacy to zero. What would the revenue of the pharmacy be in 3 years? (c) What theory of profit would account for profits being earned by the pharmacy during the first 3 years of operation? (d) Suppose that Samantha expects to sell the pharmacy at the end of 3 years for $50,000 more than the price she paid for it and that she requires a 15% return on her investment. Should she still purchase the pharmacy?
Spreadsheet Problem (see attached Excel doc)
Using the data below, (Excel doc) where column A represents student numbers, column B the finishing time for a 1 mile race for 10 students, and column C the age of the students, (a) Use the data analysis tools to plot a line graph of all the finishing times. (b) Calculate a mean, median, mode, sample variance, sample standard deviation, and coefficient of variation to statistically describe the data. (c) Use Excel to fine the covariance between the two variables. What does the covariance indicate about the relationship between finishing time and age?
Note:
P15(d): Change “… for $50,000 more than …” to “… for $50,000 less than …” Compare the present value of economic profit in each of the next three years and the loss of $50,000 in the third year using 15% as the discount rate.
The spreadsheet problem (b): Calculate a mean, …. to statistically describe the data of both variables, Time and Age.
Individual problems:
3-1 You won a free ticket to see a Bruce Springsteen concert (assume the ticket has no resale value). U2 has a concert the same knight, and this represents your next-best alternative activity. Tickets to the U2 concert cost $80, and on any particular day, you would be willing to pay up to $100 to see this band. Assume that there are no additional costs of seeing either show. Based on the information presented, what is the opportunity cost of seeing Bruce Springsteen?
3-3 Because of the housing bubble, many houses are now selling for much less than their selling price just 2 to 3 years ago. There is evidence that homeowners with virtually identical houses tend to ask for more is they paid more for the house. What fallacy are they making?
Salvatore Chapter 3:
Discussion Questions:
9. How would you react to a sales manager’s announcement that he or she has in place a marketing program to maximize sales?
Problems:
1(a). Given the following total-revenue function: TR= 9Q - Q^2
Derive the total-, average-, and marginal- revenue schedules from Q=0 to Q=6 by 1’s.
7. Given the total-cost schedule: Q 0 1 2 3 4
TC 1 12 14 15 20
Derive the average- and marginal-cost schedules.
9. With the total-revenue curve of Problem 1 and the total-cost curve of problem 7, derive the total-profit function and show how the firm determines the profit-maximizing level of output.
Note:
DQ9: Does maximum sales (revenue) equal maximum profit (see figure 3-4)?
Revised P1(a): Derive the total-revenue, average-revenue, and marginal-revenue schedules from Q = 0 to Q = 4 by 1s.
Average revenue (AR) = total revenue (TR)/Q
Marginal revenue (MR) = change in total revenue/change in Q
For example:
Q | TR | AR | MR |
2 | 14 | 7 (=14/2) | |
3 | 18 | 6 (=18/3) | 4 (=(18-14)/(3-2) |
Revised P9: With the total-revenue schedule of Problem 1 and the total-cost schedule of Problem 7, show the profit-maximizing level of output (profit=TR-TC).
Froeb et al. Chapter 4:
Individual problems:
4-5 Your insurance firm processes claims through its newer, larger high-tech facility and its older, smaller low-tech facility. Each month, the high-tech facility handles 10,000 claims, incurs $100,000 in fixed costs and $100,000 in variable costs. Each month, the low-tech facility handles 2,000 claims, incurs $16,000 in fixed costs and $24,000 in variable costs. If you anticipate a decrease in the number of claims, where will you lay off workers?
4-6 A copier company wants to expand production. It currently has 20 workers who share eight copiers. Two months ago, the firm added two new copiers, and output increased by 100,000 pages per day. One month ago, they added five workers, and productivity also increased by 50,000 pages per day. Copiers cost about twice as much as workers. Would you recommend they hire another employee or buy another copier?