ECON 2035 Chapter : Econ Chapter 2 Notes

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Direct lending/financing: savers are directly lending money to borrowers by: Bonds: debt security that makes payments for a specified amount of time. Indirect lending/financing: if the lenders are saving their money in banks and the bank loans it out. Market that connects these two types of people. Upward and downward movement of an economy over time. Saver/lender: households (main saver, businesses, government, foreigners. Saver/lender puts money in the intermediary (bank, etc. ) Just funds are flowing, no stocks or bonds (debt securities) Sometimes intermediaries will buy stocks or bonds in the financial market which means there are debt securities flowing to the intermediary. Instead of sitting on money that makes no interest. More production is possible if lenders put money in the bank because in turn borrowers can use money and produce more product. Lending out that money (using the financial market) creates more allocation.

Related Questions

1. Open-market operations refer to:

A) purchases of stocks in the New York Stock Exchange.

B) the purchase or sale of government securities by the Fed.

C) central bank lending to commercial banks.

D) the specifying of loan maximums on stock purchases.

2. Money functions as

A) a store of value.

B) a unit of account.

C) a medium of exchange

D) all of the above.

3. An increase in nominal GDP increases the demand for money because

A) interest rates will rise

B) more money is needed to finance a larger volume of transactions

C) bond prices will fall

D) the opportunity cost of holding money will decline

4. If the economy is operating within the intermediate or vertical range of the aggregate supply curve, an increase in aggregate demand will produce:

A) a decline in real GDP

B) the same sized multiplier as if the economy were in the horizontal range.

C) a larger multiplier than if the economy were in the horizontal range.

D) a smaller multiplier than if the economy were in the horizontal range.

5. Built-in automatic fiscal stabilization means that:

A) an annually balanced budget will offset the procyclical tendencies created by state and local finance and thereby stabilize the economy

B) with given tax rates and expenditures policies, a rise in domestic income will reduce a budget deficit or produce a budget surplus while a decline in income will result in a deficit or a lower budget surplus.

C) Congress will automatically change the tax structure and expenditure programs to correct upswings and downswing

D) government expenditures and tax receipts automatically balance over the business cycle, though they may be out of balance in any single year.

6. It is costly to hold money because:

A) deflation may reduce its purchasing power

B) in doing so one sacrifices interest income.

C) bond prices are highly variable.

D) the velocity of money may decline.

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10. Which of the following instruments would most likely be utilized in the direct finance market?

A) Bank commercial loans. B) U.S. Treasury Bills.

C) Commercial Paper. D) Equities.

11. The managers of a firm met with a loan officer from a local bank to apply for a loan. They told the bank's loan

officer that the loan is intended to finance an expansion in the companyâs production facility. Based on this

information, the loan officer granted the loan. However unexpected tariffs increased the cost of raw materials

needed in the production process and the loan had to be used to pay for materials rather than the planned

expansion. This incident is an example of

A) moral hazard.

B) market risk.

C) adverse selection.

D) banks' failing to charge high enough interest rates on business loans.

E) a situation in which direct finance, rather than indirect finance, should be employed.

12. From the choices below, indicate what is likely the most important asset category (in terms of $ value) in a

Money Market Mutual Fund.

A) Corporate Bonds B) Treasury Bills C) Non-Negotiable CDs D) Equities

13. Compared to interest rates on long-term U.S. Treasury debt, interest rates on short-term U.S. Treasury debt tends to

fluctuate________ and is usually __________ over time.

A) more: higher B) less: lower C) more; lower D) less; higher

14. Which of the following is true about legal tender?

A) Only legal tender may be used to pay taxes in the U.S.

B) Having legal tender status from the government is sufficient for something to be used as money.

C) Cash and checking accounts are legal tender.

D) None of the above is accurate.

15. When economists refer to the role of money as a unit of account, they mean that

A) most accounting systems reflect that goods are purchased with currency.

B) all goods are priced in terms of all other goods.

C) money gives traders a single, consistent way of measuring value in the economy.

D) money makes it possible for specialization to take place.

E) agents do not have to exercise their claim on scarce resources immediately.

16. The Federal Reserve System:

A) is required to make loans in the Fed Funds market

B) is required to create the money necessary for the U.S. Government to pay its bills.

C) is required to make loans to the U.S. Treasury.

D) is required to maintain price stability.

17. The interest rate that the Fed targets to indicate its stance on monetary policy is known as:

A) the discount rate. B) the prime rate. C) the fed funds rate. D) the standard rate.

18. Of money's three functions, the one that allows us to make decisions that maximize our satisfaction is its function as a

A) medium of exchange B) unit of account. C) standard of deferred payment D) store of value.

19. In the United States, money is backed by

A) gold and silver. B) Federal Reserve notes.

C) Congress D) Social infrastructure, political stability, and economic potential.

20. Which of the following would not be considered to be part of the money supply?

A) Currency in ATM machines

B) Coins stored in childrenâs piggy banks

C) U.S. Federal Reserve notes being used for transactions in India

D) A & B above

E) None of the above. All are part of the U.S. money supply.

1. Is opportunity cost always present?

2. What is the problem at the heart of economics?

3. What is included in GDP and what is excluded?

4. If the consumer price index increases, how does this impact the average citizen?

5. What is the business cycle?

6. What is the relationship among the potential output level of the economy, the natural rate of unemployment, cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment, and frictional unemployment?

7. What did Keynesians believe about investment and the adjustment of wage rates?

8. What did pre-Keynesian believe about the market and its ability to pull itself out of a recession?

9. What role do investments in human capital, physical capital, technology development, and improving institutional quality play in creating economic growth?

10. How does a fractional reserve banking system work and what is the relationship between the money multiplier and the reserve requirement?

Wh What is fiscal policy?

12. What are the relations between government spending, the marginal propensity to consume, the marginal propensity to save, and the multiplier effect?

13. What are some of the problems with using fiscal policy in an effective manner?

14. What role did the Great Depression play in changing the government%u2019s approach to the economy?

15. What is stagflation and how did it challenge Keynesian orthodoxy?

16. What is supply side economics and how does it function?

17. What is the crowding out effect?

18. What is the new classical approach to the stimulatory impact of fiscal policy implemented through deficit spending?

19. What role does the department of the Treasury play in the American economy?

20. What role does the Federal Reserve Banking system play in managing the American policy?

21. What are the tools that the Fed uses to influence the money supply?

22. What approach to the money supply do those embracing monetarism suggest?

23. What dangers does monetary policy pose for the economy?

24. How do shifting price levels impact debtors and savers?

25. Can you use aggregate demand/ aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of a tax cut?

26. Can you use aggregate demand/ aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of a tax increase?

27. Can you use aggregate demand/aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of an increase in government spending?

28. Can you use aggregate demand/aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of a cut in government spending?

29. Can you use aggregate demand/aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of an expansionary monetary policy?

30. Can you use aggregate demand/ aggregate supply analysis to understand and explain the impact of a restrictive monetary policy?

31. How do automatic stabilizers influence the economy?

32. How does a deficit and large debt influence the economy?

33. What is the relationship between the expansion of the money supply and inflation?

34. What is the relationship between interest rates and inflation rates?

35. How do expectations impact the effectiveness of monetary policy?

36. What restricts the ability of the Fed to purchase U.S. securities?

37. What is Money?

38. What is the primary motivation of bankers and banks?

39. What is the impact of higher interest rates on the value of a currency and a nation%u2019s net exports?

40. What is the Conference Board and what does it do?

41. Why do countries willing lend the U.S. government money despite the relatively large debt to GDP ratio of the United States?

42. How does trade contribute to growth?

43. How do institutions contribute to growth?

44. How does the relative size of government contribute to growth?

45. What is the Philips Curve?

46. How does the rule of 70 work?

47. Do High Income countries always grow at a faster pace than lesser developed countries?

48. How do high levels of inflation effect growth?

49. Can you identify the amount of growth in an economy by using the percentage change formula?

50. What countries are presently experiencing high rates of economic growth?

12.

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ECON 2035 Chapter : Econ Chapter 2 Notes

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