ECON 2000 Chapter : Chapter 2 Economics
Document Summary
Proteins: excellent example of polymer, made of amino acids, 20 naturally occurring amino acids are l-isomers, proteins vary in the number and sequence of the different kinds of amino acids. Enzymes: protein catalyst, every chemical reaction in a living cell is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Toxins: for example from bacteria, pertussis toxin, botulinum toxin (botox) Hormones and receptors: hormones- chemical messengers, e. g. , insulin, receptors- specific recognition sites for chemical messengers. Structural proteins: silk, keratin- hair, nail, hooves. Amino acids: the monomers, 20 different kinds. Amino acids structure: central carbon, amino group (nh2, carboxyl group (cooh, hydrogen, r group (20 different r groups) Note that there are different types of r groups: polar (like water-hydrophilic, non-polar (hydrophobic, charged (+ or -) Nonpolar: no partial charges on the r group, hydrophobic. Interact with the partial + and charges of water: hydrophilic. The characterisitics of the individual amino acids determine the structure protein they make up.
