CHEM 2261 Chapter : Notes2261Chapter2
Document Summary
Hydrocarbons: compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes: hydrocarbons that contain only c-c and c-h single bonds. The number of isomers increases dramatically as the number of carbon atoms increases. Ch3ch2ch 2ch3 ch3chch 3 butane isobutane straight-chain alkane branched alkane. Cycloalkanes: molecular formula: cnh2n n=3, 4, cyclopropane cyclobutane cyclopentane cyclohexane. Alkenes: unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a c=c bond with molecular formula: cnh2n n=3, 4, Cis-trans isomers: compounds that have the same molecular formula, same connectivities but different arrangement in space. Alkynes: unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a c c bond with molecular formula: cnh2n-2 n=3, 4, Aromatic compounds: hydrocarbons related to benzene benzene naphthalene anthracene. Iupac (international union of pure and applied chemistry) nomenclature. Alkyl (r) groups: are obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane. Alkyl groups are named by replacing the ane ending of the parent alkane with yl .
