BIOL 3040 Chapter : Chapter 4
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Look at the root (base of the tree) and work our way to the present: root, branches. Neither brother nor sister was more closely related to the cousin over the other: the lineages leading to contemporary species have all been evolving for the same amount of time. It is a fallacy to say one species is more evolved than another: a=(b+d)=(b+c+e+g0=(b+c+f+h, d=(c+e+g)=(c+f+h) 4. 2 reading phylogenetic trees: what are the parts or features of a phylogeny, clades and monophyletic groups, clades are groupings including a common ancestor and all of it"s decendants, a. In this phylogeny, placentals and marsupials are sister taxa. Squamate reptiles are an outgroup to the mammals: b. In this phylogency, marsupials and monotremes are sister taxa: c. uncertainty about evolutionary relationships can be represented as a polytomy. As more data is presented it can help resolve the uncertainty.
