BIOL 2160 Chapter : Chapter 1 Notes
Document Summary
Cells are metabolically active: use oxygen, nutrients, produce carbon dioxide, wastes, synthesize complex molecules, sensitive to environment, growth, reproduction. Primary cells/tissues: muscle - contraction, generation of force, nerve - initiate, transmit electrical impulses, epithelial - barrier between body and external environment; exchange, connective - connect, anchor, support. Nerve cells (neurons: function in transmitting electrical signals, control and regulate muscle contraction, gland secretion, sensory perception, thoughts, memory, emotions, and much more. Muscle cells (muscle fibers: found connecting bones, in the heart, in other internal organs, some under voluntary control, some involuntary. Epithelial cells: epithelial tissue (= epithelium, forms barrier, separates body from external environment lines hollow organs forms glands. Exocrine glands: ducts leading to external environment. Endocrine glands: ductless, secrete hormones into blood. Interior of body separated from external environment by a layer of epithelial tissue: apical side: top, basal side: bottom, lumen of respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and urinary system are part of external environment.
