BIOL 2051 Chapter : Chap 8

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15 Mar 2019
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Transcription- making a rna copy of part of a dna strand. Dna- made of deoxyribonucleotides: double stranded, nitrogen base- thymine. 3 main types of rna: messenger rna (mrna) made into protein. Average 1000-1500 bases long: transfer rna (trna) never made into protein but are involved. Carries amino acids to the ribosome to build a protein during translation: ribosomal rna (rrna) never made into protein. Component of ribosomes (site of protein synthesis: template strand- dna strand that is being copied into complementary mrna, rna polymerase, enzyme that transcribes dna into rna by adding ribonucleotides onto 3" end of growing. Rna chain (like dna polymerase but rna instead: needs no primer, recognizes specific start sequence on dna called the promoter & starts transcribing. Dna into rna at that site: bacterial rna polymerase. 4 subunits: alpha (2 copies), beta, beta prime, sigma. (sigma) function is to help core enzyme locate promoter (beginning of gene) holoenzyme is to help it bind to promoter.

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