BIOL 1001 Chapter : Ch 13 Biotechnology
Document Summary
How does dna recombine in nature: sexual reproduction recombines dna, during meiosis 1, homologous chromosomes exchange dna, therefore, every egg and every sperm contain recombined dna from the two parents, transformation may combine dna from different bacterial species. In transformation, bacteria pick up pieces of dna from the environment: this dna could be a part of a chromosome form another bacterium or tiny circular dna molecule called plasmids. Plasmids: small pieces of dna, not included in the chromosome, that may be present in bacteria in multiple copies, carry genes that help the bacteria survive in novel environments of where antibiotics are present. Dna segments to bind to the targeted gene sequences through hydrogen bonding: 3) new dna extension at targeted sequences, the temperature is raised to 70-72 degrees celsius where the heat-stable. Dna polymerase synthesizes new dna of the sequences targeted by the primers: 4) repetition of the cycle, the cycle is repeated automatically (by a thermocycler machine) for 20-
