ANTH 1001 Chapter : Anthro 1 22
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Greg Mendel (1822-1884)
1866-publication of Mendel’s result
Seed texture-round and wrinkled seeds
F1-(Round x Round)- 100% were round
F2-(Round x Round) 75% were round, (wrinkled x wrinkled) 25% wrinkled
F3-11% round, 75% round or 0% wrinkled, 100% wrinkled
Principles of Segregation-Genes occur in pairs in an individual. In the production of
sex cells, the pair of genes is separated. Each sex cell contains only one gene of the
pair.
Gene-segment of DNA that codes for the production of a protein
Allele-alternative form of the same gene
Gene for seed texture: alleles: round, wrinkled
Genotype-set of genes possessed by an individual
Phenotype-physical manifestation of genotype
Homozygous-having two copies of the same allele (ex: RR or ww)
Heterozygous-having one copy each of different alleles (ex: Rw)
Dominant allele-expressed phenotypically in both homozygotes and heterozygotes
Recessive allele-expressed phenotypically only in a homozygote
Principle of Independent Assortment-the segregation of one pair of genes does not
influence the segregation of other pairs of genes (Genes that affect different traits
are transmitted to offspring independently from one another)
Seed texture (R, w) and stem length (T, s)
Rw x Rw
-3 round
-1 wrinkled
Ts x Ts
-3 tall
-1 short
Document Summary
F2-(round x round) 75% were round, (wrinkled x wrinkled) 25% wrinkled. F3-11% round, 75% round or 0% wrinkled, 100% wrinkled. Principles of segregation-genes occur in pairs in an individual. In the production of sex cells, the pair of genes is separated. Each sex cell contains only one gene of the pair. Gene-segment of dna that codes for the production of a protein. Homozygous-having two copies of the same allele (ex: rr or ww) Heterozygous-having one copy each of different alleles (ex: rw) Dominant allele-expressed phenotypically in both homozygotes and heterozygotes. Principle of independent assortment-the segregation of one pair of genes does not influence the segregation of other pairs of genes (genes that affect different traits are transmitted to offspring independently from one another) Seed texture (r, w) and stem length (t, s) Relationship between genotypic and phenotypic variability in species. Functions: growth of an organism, maintenance of organs. Homologous chromosomes-pair of chromosomes with the same sequence of genes.
