NURS 3350 Chapter 51: Medsurge 51
Document Summary
Insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by an autoimmune process. Requires insulin because little or no insulin is produced. Regardless of the specific cause, the destruction of the beta cells results in decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by the liver, and fasting hyperglycemia. Highly acidic ketones are formed and metabolic acidosis occurs. Decreased sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance) and impaired beta cell function results in decreased insulin production. Overtime, hyperglycemia leads to diminished pancreatic beta cell function, and hence insulin production and secretion eventually decline as beta cells work harder to overcome insulin resistance. Over age of 30, slow progressive glucose intolerance. Oral hypoglycemic agents initially may need to convert to insulin or use both. Refers to the condition in which blood glucose concentrations fall between normal levels and those considered for diagnostic diabetes. Plasma glucose is equal to or greater than 200 (random) Fasting glucose is equal to or greater than 126 (fasting for 8 hours)
