BIOL 150 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Uracil, Cytosine, Polyadenylation
Chapter 3: Summary
3.1 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores and transmits genetic information.
●Experiments carried out by Griffith in 1928 demonstrated that bacteria can transmit
genetic information from one strain to another.
●Experiments performed by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 showed that DNA is
the molecules that transmits genetic information.
●DNA is copied in the process of replication.
●Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is synthesized from a DNA template.
●The central dogma of molecular biology states that the usual flow of genetic information
is from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA is transcribed to RNA, and RNA is translated to
protein.
3.2 DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and forms a double helix.
●A nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.
●The 4 bases of DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
●Successive nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds to form a linear DNA
molecules.
●DNA strand have polarity, with a 5’-phosphate group at one end and a 3’ hydroxyl group
at the other end.
●Cellular DNA molecules consist of a helical spiral of two paired, antiparallel strands
called a double helix.
●In a DNA double helix, A pairs with T , and G paris with C.
●The structure of DNA relates to its function. Information is coded in the sequence of
bases, and the structure suggests a mechanism for replication, in which each parental
strand serves as a template for a daughter strand.
●DNA is eukaryotic cells is packaged with evolutionarily conserved proteins called
histones.
3.3 Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
●RNA, like DNA, is a polymer of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.
●Some types of RNA can store genetic information and other types can catalyze chemical
reactions. These characteristics have led to the RNa world hypothesis, the idea that RNA
played a critical role in the early evolution of life on Earth.
●Unlike DNA, RNA incorporates the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose and the base
uracil instead of thymine.
●RNA is synthesized from one of the two strands of DNA, called the template strand.
Document Summary
3. 1 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) stores and transmits genetic information. Experiments carried out by griffith in 1928 demonstrated that bacteria can transmit genetic information from one strain to another. Experiments performed by avery, macleod, and mccarty in 1944 showed that dna is the molecules that transmits genetic information. Dna is copied in the process of replication. Ribonucleic acid (rna) is synthesized from a dna template. The central dogma of molecular biology states that the usual flow of genetic information is from dna to rna to protein. Dna is transcribed to rna, and rna is translated to protein. 3. 2 dna is a polymer of nucleotides and forms a double helix. A nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. The 4 bases of dna are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Successive nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds to form a linear dna molecules.
