JUST 399 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Inductive Reasoning, Dependent And Independent Variables, Deterrence Theory
Document Summary
Social research question: a question about the social world that is answered through the collection and analysis of firsthand, verifiably, empirical data. Theory: a logically interrelated set of propositions about empirical reality. Deterrence theory: expects punishment to deter crime. Labeling theory: distinguishes between primary deviance and secondary deviance. Researchers try to connect theory with empirical data in one of two ways: Deductive research: the type of research in which a specific expectation is deducted from a general premise and is then tested. Often the strategy used in quantitative methods. Inductive research: the type of research in which general conclusions are drawn from specific data. Research circle: a diagram of the elements of the research process, including theories, hypotheses, data collection, and data analysis. Variable: a characteristic or property that can vary (take on different values or attributes). Hypothesis: a tentative statement about empirical reality involving a relationship between two or more variables.