SPH-T 333 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Sough, Performance Appraisal, Decision-Making
Chapter 3 textbook notes
• The goals of a sport organization are extremely important for communicating its purpose and
identity
• All sport organizations exist for a purpose]
• Goals are statements that summarize and articulate the purpose of a sport organization
• Importance of goals
o Decision making – sport managers make decisions that influence the operation of their
organization and its employees
o Performance appraisal – suggestions that are made as to how individuals or subunits
can better contribute to organizational goals
o Reducing uncertainty – sport organizations, like all organizations seek to reduce
uncertainty and one way to do that is by setting goals
o Official goals – often subjective and usually not measurable, express the values of the
organization and give it legitimacy with external constituents
o Operative goals – designate the ends sough through the operating policies of the
organization, they tell us what the organization actually is truing to do, regardless of
what the official goals say are the aims
o Operational goals – goals that can be measured objectively; they may be official but are
more likely operative. One of the main ways they can be developed is by:
▪ Management by objectives (MBO) – aims to improve performance of an
organization by clearly defining objectives that are agreed to by both
management and employees.
o Nonoperational goals – one that cannot be measured objectively. Official goals, or
mission statements are usually nonoperational
o Long term goals – those the sport organization would like to achieve over a relatively
lengthy period of time
o Short term goals – those set for a relatively brief period of time
o Departmental goal – a departet or suuit ay reate their ow goals ut do’t
work counter to overall organizational goals
• Effectiveness – refers to the extent to which an organization achieves its goals
• Efficiency - takes in to account the amount of resources used to produce the desired output
• Goal attainment approach – based on the identification of these goals and how well the sport
organization attains or makes progress toward them. Problems with goal attainment
o There is usually more than one organizational goal to achieve
o How to identify goals and actually measure the extent to which they have been
achieved
o Third problem related to the temporary dimension of the goals
o Final problem concerns with whose goals count
• System resource approach – while the goal attainment approach focuses on organizational
outputs, this approach focuses on inputs. The ability of the organization in either absolute or
relative terms to exploit its environment in the acquisition of scarce and valued resources
• Internal process approach – effective organizations are those with an absence of internal strain,
whose members are highly integrated into the system, whose internal functioning is smooth and
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