SOC 2136 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Malum Prohibitum, Aircraft Hijacking, Auguste Comte
Document Summary
Criminology: generally defined as the science or discipline that studies crime and criminal behavior, concentrates on forms of criminal behavior, the causes of crime, the definition of criminality, and the societal reaction to criminal activity. Auguste comte: french sociologist, progression of knowledge. Viewed this as consisting of three stages: theological explanations > metaphysical (philosophical) approaches > scientific explanations. Sumner: american sociologist, identified three types of norms that reflect the values of a given culture; some are regarded by its members as more important than others. Folkways: least serious norms, examples: etiquette and dress styles. Mores: more serious customs, involve moral judgments as well as sanctions (rewards or punishments, involves prohibitions against behaviors that are felt to be seriously threatening to a group"s way of life, examples: lying, cheating, stealing, and killing. Laws: only formal norm, formal modes of control, codified rules of behavior, represent an institutionalized or crystallization of the mores.
