AHS 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Indigestion, Rectum, Rectal Pain
![](https://new-preview-html.oneclass.com/zGLBOE8nxeoljaxpYnBRmAWakpZ9Mbwd/bg1.png)
AHS 100 Chapter 11: The Gastrointestinal System- Gastroenterology
❏11.1 Word Parts of the Gastrointestinal System
❏Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
❏The process of digestion begins in the mouth. When people
eat, they start with chewing their food. When chewing, teeth
tear food into smaller parts. At the same time, the salivary
glands make saliva which helps moisten the food to help it
pass down the throat. Saliva also has chemicals that helps to
break the food apart.
❏Mouth: mor/o, stomat/o
❏Gums: gingiv/o
❏Tooth: dent/o, odont/o
❏The food is passed from the mouth down a tube(esophagus)
that leads to the stomach. The esophagus has two hates that
keep the food moving the right away. The first gate keeps out
air from the stomach and the second gate keeps food from
leaving the stomach in the wrong direction.
❏As we eat, food collects in the stomach. The stomach makes
acid, which breaks down protein. The stomach acts almost like
a blender. Through muscle contractions, the stomach mixes
the food with stomach juices, including acid. This mixing
process physically and chemically softens the food into a
paste like substance known as chyme. Food then passes
through a muscle at the end of the stomach the pylorus, and
into the small intestine.
❏Tongue: gloss/o, lingu/o
❏Stomach: gastro/o
❏Esophagus: esophag/o
❏Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
❏The lower GI tract is made up of the small and large intestines.
The small intestine is the longest part of the gastrointestinal
system. It is made up of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum,
and ileum. Most of the chemical breakdown in the small
intestine happens in the duodenum, here chemicals from the
liver and pancreas mix with the food. The food continues
digestion throughout the rest of the long part of the jejunum
and ileum.
Document Summary
Ah1 (cid:656)(cid:655)(cid:655) chapter (cid:656)(cid:656): the gastroi(cid:296)testi(cid:296)al 1(cid:383)ste(cid:295)- gastroe(cid:296)terolo(cid:258)(cid:383) (cid:656)(cid:656). (cid:656) word parts o(cid:257) the gastroi(cid:296)testi(cid:296)al 1yste(cid:295) The process o(cid:257) di(cid:258)estio(cid:296) be(cid:258)i(cid:296)s i(cid:296) the (cid:295)outh. Whe(cid:296) people eat, the(cid:383) start (cid:377)ith che(cid:377)i(cid:296)(cid:258) their (cid:257)ood. Whe(cid:296) che(cid:377)i(cid:296)(cid:258), teeth tear (cid:257)ood i(cid:296)to s(cid:295)aller parts. At the sa(cid:295)e ti(cid:295)e, the sali(cid:376)ar(cid:383) (cid:258)la(cid:296)ds (cid:295)ake sali(cid:376)a (cid:377)hich helps (cid:295)oiste(cid:296) the (cid:257)ood to help it pass do(cid:377)(cid:296) the throat. 1ali(cid:376)a also has che(cid:295)icals that helps to break the (cid:257)ood apart. The (cid:257)ood is passed (cid:257)ro(cid:295) the (cid:295)outh do(cid:377)(cid:296) a tube(cid:706)esopha(cid:258)us(cid:707) that leads to the sto(cid:295)ach. The esopha(cid:258)us has t(cid:377)o hates that keep the (cid:257)ood (cid:295)o(cid:376)i(cid:296)(cid:258) the ri(cid:258)ht a(cid:377)a(cid:383). The (cid:257)irst (cid:258)ate keeps out air (cid:257)ro(cid:295) the sto(cid:295)ach a(cid:296)d the seco(cid:296)d (cid:258)ate keeps (cid:257)ood (cid:257)ro(cid:295) lea(cid:376)i(cid:296)(cid:258) the sto(cid:295)ach i(cid:296) the (cid:377)ro(cid:296)(cid:258) directio(cid:296). As (cid:377)e eat, (cid:257)ood collects i(cid:296) the sto(cid:295)ach. The sto(cid:295)ach (cid:295)akes acid, (cid:377)hich breaks do(cid:377)(cid:296) protei(cid:296). Throu(cid:258)h (cid:295)uscle co(cid:296)tractio(cid:296)s, the sto(cid:295)ach (cid:295)i(cid:382)es the (cid:257)ood (cid:377)ith sto(cid:295)ach juices, i(cid:296)cludi(cid:296)(cid:258) acid.