BIOL 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Golgi Apparatus

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indigoturtle9

12 Oct 2016

School

George Mason University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 103

Professor

chaitanyaravi

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Document Summary

4. 1 microscopes reveal the world of the cell. Mag(cid:374)ifi(cid:272)atio(cid:374): the i(cid:374)(cid:272)rease i(cid:374) a(cid:374) o(cid:271)je(cid:272)t"s i(cid:373)age size (cid:272)o(cid:373)pare (cid:449)ith its a(cid:272)tual size. Scanning electron microscope: used to study the detailed architecture of cell surfaces: uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a cell. Transmission electron microscope: used to study the details of internal cell structure: aims an electron beam through a very thin section of specimen which is stained with atoms of heavy metals. Both use electromagnets as lenses to bend the paths of the electrons, magnifying and focusing, instead of using glass lenses. Both often black and white but are often artificially colorized. 4. 2 the small size of cells relates to the need to exchange materials across the plasma membrane. 4. 3 prokaryotic cells are structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells eukarya (protists, fungi, plants, and animals: distinguished by having a membrane enclosed nucleus, which houses most of dna, and many membrane-enclosed organelles that perform specific functions.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

The ocular of a compound microscope has a magnification of 10x and the objective has a magnification of 10x. The total magnification of the microscope is ___---

	a.	10x
	b.	20x
	c.	100x
	d.	1000x

QUESTION 2

The part of the microscope that focuses the light on an object is the ___________.

	a.	Iris Diaphragm
	b.	Coarse Focus
	c.	Condenser
	d.	Body Tube

QUESTION 3

The polarizing filter in a PLM that is located above the objective is called the _________________.

	a.	Polarizer
	b.	Analyzer
	c.	Abbe condenser
	d.	Iris

QUESTION 4

A substance that reacts the same to light polarized in any direction is _________________.

	a.	an isotope
	b.	anisotropic
	c.	isotropic
	d.	divergent

QUESTION 5

The part of the comparison microscope that allows the examiner to view two objects simultaneously is called the _________________.

	a.	comparator
	b.	comparison bridge
	c.	spectroscope
	d.	stage

1 points

QUESTION 6

A stereo microscope can best be described as _____________________.

	a.	Two compound microscopes aligned so that they each see a slightly different part of an object.
	b.	Two compound microscopes aligned with a comparison bridge.
	c.	A compound microscope with two separate stages and one ocular.
	d.	A compound microscope with two eyepieces and a camera mount.

QUESTION 7

In microscopy, resolution is a measure of ________________.

	a.	The ability of the lenses to separate two tiny details that are close together.
	b.	The total magnification power of the microscope.
	c.	The empty magnification power of the microscope.
	d.	The ability of an electron microscope to determine the presence of a large number of elements.

QUESTION 8

Two polarizers (polarizing filters) aligned 90Â° from each other will block out all light.

True

False

QUESTION 9

A simple convex lens creates a magnified real image of an object.

True

False

QUESTION 10

A trinocular microscope has three objective lenses mounted on a turret.

True

False

QUESTION 11

Liquids and gases are usually isotropic.

True

False

QUESTION 12

Match each of the following terms with Its Definition

Compound microscope a. Has a polarizer and an analyzer

Electron microscope b. Permits viewing two objects at once

Stereomicroscope c. Consists of a single convex lens

Comparison microscope d. Long working distance, three-dimensional

Simple hand magnifier e. Basic 2 convex lens microscope

Polarizing microscope f. Can magnify images more than 100,000 times

maroonmuskrat824

What electron or light microscopy technique would you use toobserve the following?

a) the fine detail of the outer surface of hair cells in theinner ear.

b) the interior and exterior of surfaces of the plasma membraneto support the Fluid-Mosaic Model of membrane structure.

c) very thin cross sections made in Epon in order to visualizethe fine structure of cellular organelles and cell architecture inthe cell interior.

d) particulate matter (like large multisubunit enzyme complexesor viruses) so as to exhibit the subunit structure. Negativestaining.

e) specifically localize a molecule like tubulin in a cell usinga light microscope.

f) the highly organized structure at the molecular level of thespindle of a dividing cell using the lightmicroscope.

g) technique using lasers to optically section large specimens;the images may be computer-enhanced.

h) living cells without killing them by adding stain.

i) a three-dimensional view (almost bas-relief view)of chromosomes in a dividing cell.

j) living cells with high resolution and with extraordinarycontrast at extremely low light levels to keep the cells aliveduring the observation.

k) viewing poorly stained specimens by focusing light on thespecimen alone; the specimen stands out brightly against a darkerbackground

ceruleanfox955

This is a confocal microscopy class. So please answer clear and detail according to the subject. Thank you

1.Explain how light diffraction causes the lateral point spread function of light as shown by Airy. Illustrate with a diagram of the PSF in the lateral direction.

2.What is the relative size of the point spread function in the vertical compared to lateral direction and how does this affect the shape of the voxels we record in a optimal resolution z-stack.

3.Is the point spread function wider or narrower with large aperture lenses? Explain why.

4.Does a larger aperture lens have higher resolution (more detail) or lower resolution (poor detail)? Or is aperture size unrelated to resolution?

5.Definedynamicrange.Explaintheimportanceofadjustingthedynamicrangeof the light intensity sensors (PMTs) and how the confocal encodes intensity into numbers.

6.Explain the advantage and disadvantage of frame-averaging.

6b.Explain how to optimize the resolution of your scanned image to avoid oversampling and minimize file size.

7.Make a list of the most functionally-important parts inside of the scan head box and briefly explain what each part does. Hint1: there are 5 kinds of things, and the AOTFs & lasers are not in the scan head box. Hint2: Without these 5 things, it would not be a laser scanning confocal microscope.

8.Explain why immersion oil is used for some lenses. Explain how it works.

9.Explain the relationship between the point-spread function and super-resolution.

10. What is chromatic aberration?

11. How does one detect cross-talk and bleed-through? How can you avoid it, and how can you correct for it if you could not avoid it?

12. Describe the three main ways to manage autofluorescence.

redhedgehog645

BIOL 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Golgi Apparatus

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