BIOL 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Hydrolysis, Protein Structure, Cell Nucleus

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7 Aug 2016

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Atom: smallest unit of matter: contains the nucleus: nucleus is made of equal numbers of protons (positively charged particles) and neutrons (neutral charged particles) i. The nucleus is like a powerful center of the atom: electrons (negatively charged particles) orbit around the nucleus on shells i. Fewer or more neutrons than the usual number for that element. Atoms combine (or bond) to form molecules (which are two or more atoms in a bond) *remember that electrons orbit around the shells and there could be only a certain amount of electrons to fit the shells. Some of these electrons can be like leftovers and they interact with other electrons from the other leftovers electrons from another atom. Types of bonds: covalent: sharing of all electrons between the atoms i. ii. H-h, h20, and o-o: ionic: an attraction between ions of opposite charge i. ii. iii. An electrically charged atom or molecule (either positive or negative) is called an ion.

Related Questions

When two or more different elements bond together, compounds are formed.

The smallest parts of these compounds that retain their original properties are called molecules.

All atoms contain negatively charged electrons that orbit around a positively charged nucleus.

The nucleus contains positively charged ____________ and neutrally charged ____________ .

It is the ____________ charged ____________ that give atoms properties that are favorable in forming chemical bonds.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

1. A neutral oxygen atom (atomic number = 8) has 8 electronslocated in 2 different electron orbitals. TrueFalse

2. Hydrogen has only one neutron and no protons in itsnucleus. TrueFalse
3. An atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electronsthat are in constant motion. TrueFalse
4. Almost all of the mass of an atom is concentrated in itselectrons. TrueFalse
5. The orbital of an electron is the volume of space where theelectron is most likely to be found. TrueFalse
6. Almost all of the volume of an atom is emptyspace. TrueFalse
7. The reactivity or chemical behavior of an atom depends primarilyon the number of neutrons it has. TrueFalse
8. Modern physics indicates that we cannot determine the exactlocation of a particular electron at any giventime. TrueFalse
9. Electrons are maintained in their orbitals by their attractionto the positively charged nucleus. TrueFalse
10. Atomic orbitals represent probability distributions forelectrons and come in a variety of shapes. TrueFalse

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1. (TCO 1) Control subjects in a double-blindtest of a new drug are (Points : 4) informed of what drug they aregetting.
informed of what drug they aregetting but their private physicians are not.
given larger doses of thedrug.
infected with a differentdisease than the experimental subjects.
not given the experimentaldrug but are otherwise treated the same as the experimentalsubjects.

Question 2. 2. (TCO 1) My dog will eat more ofher food when I pour bacon grease over the food before I give it toher. This is an example of a(n) _____. (Points : 4)

observation
hypothesis
experiment
theory
All of the above

Question 3. 3. (TCO 1) Deductive reasoning isused to make _____ based on a hypothesis. (Points : 4)

data
theories
statistical tests
correlations
predictions

Question 4. 4. (TCO 2) Which of the followingstatements about the periodic table is incorrect? (Points : 4)

A period is a horizontal rowon the periodic table.
A group is a column on theperiodic table.
The elements in each periodhave similar chemical properties.
The A groups contain therepresentative elements.
The B groups contain thetransition elements.

Question 5. 5. (TCO 2) How do you find themass number of an atom? (Points : 4)

Add up the number of protons,electrons, and neutrons in the atom.
Add up the number of protonsand neutrons in the atom.
It is equal to the number ofprotons in the atom.
It is equal to the number ofneutrons in the atom.
Find the net electrical chargeof the atom.

Question 6. 6. (TCO 2) An isotope of potassiumhas a mass number of 39. How many neutrons are present in thisisotope? (Points : 4)

19
20
24
44
58

Question 7. 7. (TCO 2) Which particles arefound in the nucleus of an atom? (Points : 4)

Only neutrons
Protons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
Only electrons
Only protons