HIST 1100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1863: New York City Draft Riots, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address
On Shattered Ground: A Civil War Mosaic
1863 Outline
The Emancipation Proclamation
1. On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln declared his intention to issue a formal
emancipation of all slaves in any state of the Confederacy that did not return to Union
control by January 1, 1863
a. This is called The Emancipation Proclamation
2. He calls on Americans to recognize the freedom of the slaves and not act to repress
them in any way
a. Anyone who did so would be considered to be “in rebellion against the United
States”
3. Specifies that this emancipation also applies to the military and naval authorities
Frederick Douglass: On The Emancipation Proclamation
1. Frederick Douglass was an orator and journalist who wanted justice for African-
Americans and devoted himself to getting them the right to serve in the army and to vote
2. Stated that The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step towards healing a nation
plagued by slavery
3. Does not show much support for Lincoln since he did not publicly advocate for the voting
rights of black Americans
a. Basically saying that Lincoln did not try hard enough
4. He ends by bringing up destructive mob violence which was originally against the draft
but directed its anger at “colored people and their friends”
New York City Draft Riots
1. Riots against the draft are one of the most serious instances of “urban social upheaval”
a. Widely destructive, horrific, violent
2. Despite the violence, Lincoln never declared martial law and decided to only send troops
to quell the violence
3. Document begins as a compilation of colored deaths on account of the riots and then
features telegraphs sent between the Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton and Major
General Charles Sanford from July 13 to July 18 of 1863
a. Telegraphs detail the events of the riots and show them worsening as the days
went by
Alleman: “At Gettysburg”
1. An account of distress and terror from a fifteen year old girl who witnessed Confederate
soldiers entering her town in Gettysburg and fled her parents and home to a farm six
miles away under the protection of Union soldiers
2. Tillie Pierce Alleman understood the stress of wartime; she prepared bouquets with her
sister to give to the passing soldiers
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3. Instead of a peaceful pass of the soldiers, a battle began in the town and she was forced
to flee
4. Tillie recounts every piece of weaponry she saw and the the explosions she heard as
she hurried away from the fighting
a. Encounters multitude of wounded and disabled soldiers
5. She stays in a farm outside of town where soldiers are being taken care of and enjoys
their friendliness and funny stories
Lee’s Letter of Resignation After the Defeat at Gettysburg
1. After a crushing defeat at Gettysburg, Lee wrote this letter to Jefferson Davis, who
refused to accept this resignation.
a. His response was respectful and complimentary.
2. He first compliments his men and Davis’s leadership.
3. Then proposes his own removal from leadership.
a. “The general remedy for the want of success in a military commander”
b. Has heard expressions of discontent with his performance from the media.
c. Not in great physical condition.
i. Incapable of many of his duties.
4. Proposes a “younger and abler man” take his position.
5. Again compliments those above and below im
The Death of Stonewall Jackson
1. An extremely religious man, concerned with the “spiritual welfare of his men”, happiest
with his family.
2. On May 2nd, 1863, Jackson was shot by a Confederate soldier who mistook him for an
enemy
a. Others were killed and wounded in this incident.
b. Jackson lost his left arm, and died of pneumonia 9 days later
c. A huge blow to Confederate morale.
3. After his injury, he was carried through the battlefield, where he stood tall and gave his
last command.
4. He was carried in a litter, which collapsed under Union fire, causing increased injury.
5. He showed all signs of impending death, but remained calm.
6. His arm was amputated without incident
a. Was soon feeling much better.
b. Requested his wife be brought to see him.
7. His right side started to pain him, likely from injuries sustained during his fall from the
litter.
8. Had to be moved for fear of capture by the encroaching Union army.
a. Was still doing well
9. Woke on morning with pleuropneumonia.
a. Had slept with a wet towel on his stomach the night before.
b. His wife came to nurse him.
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Document Summary
States : specifies that this emancipation also applies to the military and naval authorities. Frederick douglass: on the emancipation proclamation: frederick douglass was an orator and journalist who wanted justice for african- General charles sanford from july 13 to july 18 of 1863: telegraphs detail the events of the riots and show them worsening as the days went by. Incapable of many of his duties: proposes a younger and abler man take his position, again compliments those above and below im. The land was cut by ravines and streams, making it very irregular: had to create a strong defense, only had four engineers, wanted to make their line as close to the enemy"s as possible. Louisiana side to take prisoner any who attempted the crossing: by july 1th, they were placed right up against the enemy, and planned to attack on july. Prisoners were to be exchanged, and confederate soldiers to go free, leaving behind military supplies.
