MCB 2000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Protein Structure, Peptidoglycan, Hexose
Document Summary
Atoms: building blocks of molecules, subatomic particles. Shell: electrons (-e) rotate about the nucleus in their orbitals. Each element contains characteristic number of protons and electrons position in the table: there are 118 known, elements in groups have some similar properties to each other. Isotopes: have a different number of neutrons; same physical properties, some isotopes have unstable nuclei emit energy radioactivity, significance in biology. Tracing atoms and molecules in metabolic reactions, How the atoms bind together: through the chemical bonds. Covalent bonds: bonds between atoms that share electrons, electrons are not shared equally change of polarity. Ionic bonds: electrons are transferred from one atom to another, when valences complement each other, ex. Ionization: dissociation of molecules (atoms) into charged particles: Hydrogen bonds: attractive forces between nearby molecules, ex. Water molecules; proteins and dna: represented with dotted line. Oxidation-reduction reactions: oxidation losing electron, reduction receiving electrons.
