CHEM 202 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Phase Diagram, Dynamic Equilibrium, Capillary Action
surface tension
the intermolecular, cohesive attraction that causes a liquid to minimize surface area.
capillary action
the process by which a liquid rises in a tube because of a combination of adhesion to
the
walls of the tube and cohesion between liquid particles.
heat of fusion
the energy required to melt a solid
heat of vaporization
the energy required to vaporize a liquid
heat of sublimation
the energy required to vaporize a solid
critical temperature
the highest temperature at which it is possible to convert the gaseous from of a
substance to a liquid
critical pressure
the pressure at which a gas at its critical temperature is converted to a liquid state.
supercritical fluid
any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct
liquid
and gas phases do not exist.
vapor pressure
gaseous state of any substance that normally
exists (STP) as a liquid or solid.
dynamic equilibrium
a state of balance in which opposing processes occur at the same rate.
volatile
tending to evaporate readily
phase diagram
a graphical representation of the equilibria among the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases
of a
substance as a function of temperature and pressure.
triple point
the temperature at which solid, liquid and gas phases
coexist in equilibrium.
liquid crystal
a substance that exhibits one or more partially
ordered liquid phases above the melting point of the solid form.
nematic liquid crystal
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