ACCT 2510 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-44: Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Nautiloid
The Fossil Book Study Guide
Introduction
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What do paleontologists do?
2. What can we use as a key to understanding fossils and what they tell us about the history of life on
earth?
3. What are the “four Cs” of biblical history?
4. What is evolution?
5. What can we abbreviate evolution as, and what do the letters stand for?
True or False. If the answer is false, explain why.
1. The outer layers of the earth’s crust look like the scene of a horrible worldwide catastrophe.
2. Paleontologists only study dinosaurs.
3. God created a world filled with disease, death, and disaster.
4. Most of the branches of modern science were started in the 1600s and 1700s by scientists who
firmly believed in the “four Cs” of biblical history.
5. Evolution became popular in the 1900s because of the writings of Charles Lyell and Charles
Darwin.
Chapter One: Fossils, Flooding, and Sedimentary Rock
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What is a fossil?
2. Name three kinds of sedimentary rock.
3. What creates fossils — the right conditions or lots of time?
4. What are the two most important conditions for turning sediments into rocks?
5. What is a good way to tell a true fossil from a modern specimen?
6. What are coprolites?
7. What are gastroliths?
8. How long have scientists calculated that it would take the world’s oil reserves to leak to the surface
because of pressure? What does that mean for the age of the earth?
9. What are polystrates?
10. How does creationist geologist Dr. Steve Austin propose that coal formed?
True or False. If the answer is false, explain why.
1. Scientists have been studying fossils for 500 years.
2. Creationists can work on a “dig” side by side with evolutionists and agree on the little questions.
3. It’s the proper conditions, not time, that form rocks and fossils.
4. The difference between a fossil and the remains of a modern (recently dead) plant or animal can
never be determined by color and/or weight.
5. Many complete skeletons of T. rex have been found.
6. Paleontologists use the word mummy for fossils formed when a creature dries out completely.
7. Preserved physical features such as ripple marks, mud cracks, raindrop impressions, and cylinders
of fused sand that show where lightning struck are interesting to paleontologists because they are
true fossils.
8. The volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington state on May 18, 1980, provided
dramatic support for creationist geologist Dr. Steve Austin’s theory of coal formation.
9. Belief in millions of years makes it easy to understand fossils.
10. Oil deposits are millions of years old.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
2 THE FOSSIL BOOK STUDY GUIDE
Chapter Two: Geologic Column Diagram
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What are four good places to find fossils?
2. How many major geologic systems have paleontologists identified?
3. What is a geologic system?
4. What is the difference between the way that creationists and evolutionists view different geologic
systems?
5. According to the Bible, when were the ancestors of all organisms created?
6. What is the difference between the way that evolutionists and creationists use the word first?
7. What kinds of creatures are found in the Cambrian system?
8
. How long did it take the flood waters to cover “all the high hills under the whole heavens” (Gen. 7:19)?
9. What are the three “supersystems” the 12 major geologic systems can be grouped into?
10. What is the Cambrian Explosion?
True or False. If the answer is false, explain why.
1. Fossils are usually found together in distinctive groups.
2. The three “supersystems” that the 12 major geologic systems can be divided into are the Cambrian,
Jurassic, and Triassic systems.
3. The complete geologic column is found in many places all over the earth as a sequence of rock.
4. Known as the “Cambrian Explosion,” complex beginnings for all major animal groups are found
in fossils at the base of the geologic column.
5. For creationists, the GCD is supposed to show a stratigraphic series of simple-to-complex
evolutionary changes.
6. Differences between Flood geology and evolution are so great that those differences affect the
meanings of simple words like first, last, older, younger, time, place, age, zone, and series.
7. Flood geologists use first to mean “first evolved” while evolutionists use first to mean “the first
plant or animal of a certain kind to be buried in the Flood.”
8.
Scientists generally agree that fossils on the bottom of the GCD are older than fossils on top of them.
9. Flood geologists think that trilobites, dinosaurs, land plants, and people all lived at the same time
but in different places in the pre-Flood world.
10. Evolutionists like to call rocks with lots of dinosaurs found together a “Dinosaur Zone.”
Chapter Three: Flood Geology vs. Evolution
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Where did evolutionists frustrated by the Cambrian explosion of life hope to find support for their
belief in simple beginnings?
2. Where are what evolutionists call the oldest plant and animal fossils on earth found?
3. Do the oldest (first-preserved) fossils show evidence for evolution or creation?
4. What formed the Grand Canyon, a lot of time or a lot of water?
5. What are paraconformities?
6. How do Flood geologists explain paraconformities?
7. Who proposed the breached dam concept for the rapid formation of the Grand Canyon?
8. What modern phenomenon provided support for the breached dam theory of rapid formation of
the Grand Canyon?
9. Are worms, such as night crawlers, simple or complex? Do they show evidence for creation or
evolution?
10. What are stromatolites?
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
THE FOSSIL BOOK STUDY GUIDE 3
True or False. If the answer is false, explain why.
1. Evolutionists believe that the stratigraphic series in the geologic column diagram shows millions
of years of evolution from a few simple life forms to the many complex and varied forms of life we
have today, caused by time, chance, struggle, and death, with no need for God.
2. Evolutionists found support for their belief in simple beginnings for life in pre-Cambrian rock.
3. Some evolutionists admit that fossils suggest complex beginnings and multiplication after kind, but
they still want people to believe it took millions of years to stack up rocks in layers like we see at
the Grand Canyon.
4. About one-third of what comes out of the average volcano is water vapor.
5. Fossil systems high in the GCD are never found directly on top of systems much lower with gaps
of millions of evolutionary years.
6. Paraconformities are direct and scientific evidence that the evolutionists’ millions of years are true.
7. The roundness of the sand grains, steepness of the cross-beds, and preserved animal trackways
all suggest scientifically that the Coconino Sandstone was formed underwater, not in a desert
— further confirming Flood geology.
8. The breached dam concept for the rapid formation of the Grand Canyon is only accepted by
creationists.
9. The Grand Canyon is a good example of the 4 Cs of creation.
10. If evolution were true, all sedimentary deposits would be found in large areas with many fossils.
Chapter Four: Kinds of Fossils I: Invertebrates
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. What is the most common kind of fossil found?
2. What is convergence?
3. How do creationists explain what evolutionists call convergence?
4. What does gastropod mean?
5. What are the two basic shapes that cnidarians come in?
6. What would have happened to reefs during Noah’s flood, and has there been enough time to grow
back reefs like the Great Barrier Reef since the flood?
7. Which geologic system is referred to as the “Age” or “Zone of Crinoids”?
8. What does arthropod mean, and what are a few examples of arthropods?
9. What are the two groups of seashells that are sometimes referred to as “fossil weeds”?
10. What are diatoms?
True or False. If the answer is false, explain why.
1. The squid has the largest eye in the world at ten inches across.
2. Clams are trivalves, meaning they have two shells joined at a hinge.
3. Closed clams testify to slow, gradual burial on a small scale.
4. The flat-to-coiled oyster story was once considered one of the best “proofs” for evolution, but was
disproved when it was shown that the series was ecological, not evolutionary.
5. Nautiloid fossils are great illustrations of TCSD evolution.
6. Soft bodied forms of cnidarians are common as fossils.
7. Extinction is easy to prove.
8. Arthropod fossils in shale contradict evolution and provide powerful support for creation.
9. The trilobite had the same vision problem that scuba divers have where things underwater look
bigger and closer than they really are.
10. Not all sponges are soft and squishy; many species have hard skeletal structures of crystal-like
spines called spicules.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The outer layers of the earth"s crust look like the scene of a horrible worldwide catastrophe. God created a world lled with disease, death, and disaster. Most of the branches of modern science were started in the 1600s and 1700s by scientists who. Rmly believed in the four cs of biblical history. Evolution became popular in the 1900s because of the writings of charles lyell and charles. Scientists have been studying fossils for 500 years. Creationists can work on a dig side by side with evolutionists and agree on the little questions. It"s the proper conditions, not time, that form rocks and fossils. The difference between a fossil and the remains of a modern (recently dead) plant or animal can never be determined by color and/or weight. Many complete skeletons of t. rex have been found. Paleontologists use the word mummy for fossils formed when a creature dries out completely.
