ACCT 2510 Chapter 1-33: geology
The Geology Book — Study Guide ................................................................................. 1
Introduction
1. Since scientists can’t travel to the earth’s past, how do they know what happened in the past?
2. What are the two basic ways of thinking about the unobserved past?
3. What is the slogan of the principle of uniformity?
4. What does this slogan mean?
5. How does the principle of catastrophe differ from that of uniformity?
6. Where does the Bible tell us the earth came from?
7. What was the condition of the earth “in the beginning”?
8. Why did G od place a curse on H is creation?
9. After man became more rebellious, how did G od destroy His creation?
10. What is the only way to make sense out of the evidence that we observe in the present?
Chapter 1: Planet Earth
1. Using the information in the first paragraph and the illustration on page 6, list each planet under its
correct heading of either “solid” or “gas.”
2. How many planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life?
Read the following statements. Tell whether the statement is a true or false statement about the earth.
3. The earth is the second planet from the sun.
4. The sun revolves around the earth.
5. The rotation of the earth causes day and night.
6. The earth’s tides are caused by the moon.
7. The earth is a peach-shaped sphere.
8. The earth’s diameter is larger at the equator.
9. The earth is one of only three planets with water.
10. The earth’s continents are higher than the oceans are deep.
11. What are the three main divisions of the earth?
12. If no one has ever drilled to the center of the earth, how do we know what is there?
13. What is the asthenosphere?
14. What causes the molten liquid in the inner core to return to a solid form?
15. From what does the magnetic field shield the earth?
16. With regard to “plates,” where do most of the world’s earthquakes occur?
17. Name three provisions of the atmosphere.
Chapter 2: The Ground We Stand Upon
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Read each description below and determine if the description is of granite, rhyolite, basalt, obsidian, or
pumice.
1. Full of air holes, very lightweight
2. Formed by the rapid cooling of lava as it flows on the ground
3. Forms the “roots” of the continents.
4. Forms most of the oceanic crust.
5. Contains quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende.
6. Sometimes forms “pillow lava.”
7. Commonly used to make arrowheads.
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The Geology Book — Study Guide ................................................................................. 2
8. May actually float on water.
9. Forms the central mass of many mountains.
10. Looks like a “chunk of black glass.”
SED IMEN TARY ROCKS
11. What are the two categories of sedimentary rock?
12. What determines into which category sedimentary rock will be placed?
13. From where do clastic sedimentary rocks come?
14. What factor differentiates shale, sandstone, and a conglomerate?
15. What are the two classes of chemical sedimentary rocks?
16. Chalk is an example of which type of sedimentary rock?
17. Coal is actually the remains of what?
18. Which sedimentary rock can be either organic or inorganic?
19. Which sedimentary rock is formed when seawater evaporates?
20. What is the term for a concretion that is lined on the inside with crystals?
METAM OR PHIC ROCK S
21. What is the origin of the word “metamorphic”?
22. Schist comes from slate, which comes from what other sedimentary rock?
23. Into what can metamorphosed quartz sandstone turn?
24. What sedimentary rock metamorphoses into marble?
25. What two factors cause metamorphism?
Chapter 3: The Earth’s Surface
PLAINS
Match the description with the correct term:
1. Plain formed by water that deposited a. offshore deposit
sediments as it neared sea level. b. low-lying plain
2. Plain formed by glaciers. c. glacial plain
3. Plain found upriver from an alluvial plain; d. alluvial plain
these may have been uplifted. e. lava plain
4. Plain formed by hardened lava. f. coastal plain
5. Plain formed by slow-moving water such as deltas g. lacustrine (lake) plain
6. Plain formed by evaporated lake.
7. Plain formed by strong ocean currents
distributing sediments.
PLATEAUS
8. The main difference in plains and plateaus is that plateaus are at _____________________.
9. Instead of receiving sediments, plateaus are now ____________.
10. When a rock breaks and a large flat area is uplifted, then a _______ plateau is formed.
11. When a rock warps and a large flat area is uplifted slowly, then a __________ plateau is formed.
12. Flat layers of hardened lava at higher elevations are called ________ plateaus.
MOU NTAINS
Label each description below as folded, domed, fault block, or volcanic.
13. Formed by lava
14. Formed by layers of rock that have been buckled.
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The Geology Book — Study Guide ................................................................................. 3
15. Formed by broken rock pushed up higher on one side than the other.
16. Formed by layers of rock pushed up into a dome shape without breaking.
17. The islands of Hawaii.
18. The Alps.
19. The Black Hills of South Dakota.
20. The Grand Teton Mountains of Wyoming.
21. Mount St. H elens.
22. The Rocky Mountains.
EROSIONAL F EATU RES
Answer true or false to the following statements.
23. Scientists like to study canyons because the rocks are exposed so well.
24. A glacier flowing over a continent might scrape off the granite and leave the sedimentary rock
exposed.
25. A mesa is a broad, flat-topped hill rising above the surrounding lowlands.
26. A butte is larger than a mesa.
27. Old mountain ranges that are almost completely eroded with only a few remnants still standing are
called monadnocks.
Chapter 4: Geological Processes and Rates
EROSION
1. Physical processes that can speed up the process of disintegration are:
a. heat from sunlight
b. burrowing animals
c. roots of plants
d. freezing and thawing
e. all of the above
2. When chemicals in the air and water help to dissolve minerals, it is called:
a. chemical engineering
b. chemical decomposition
c. chemical weathering
d. chemical absorption
e. none of the above
3. The greatest damage caused by hurricanes comes from:
a. flooding
b. high winds
c. tornadoes spawned
d. lightning
e. all of the above
4. Berlingame Canyon was formed by:
a. flooding from a hurricane
b. high winds over a long period of time
c. normal geological processes
d. water from irrigation ditches
e. all of the above
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Document Summary
2: m ay actually float on water, forms the central mass of many mountains, looks like a chunk of black glass. Label each description below as folded, domed, fault block, or volcanic: formed by lava, formed by layers of rock that have been buckled. Glue to hold the sediments together: the mineral that acts as a glue for sand to form sandstone is __________, the mineral that acts as a glue in limestone is _________. Th e d ef or m ation of r ock s. Chapter 5: ways to date the entire earth. Chapter 6: great geologic events of the past. Th e f all: what caused the fall of man, what does the second law of science state, g ive some examples of the second law of science. Chapter 1: planet earth: solid: m ercury, venus, earth, m ars, pluto. Plain s: b, c, f, e, d, g, a. Plateau s: higher elevations, eroding, fault, warped, lava.
