BIOL-2110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Adverse Drug Reaction, Animal Testing, Ames Test
Document Summary
Observing human populations exposed to the chemical a. Administering chemical to animals or plants under controlled conditions and observing the effects a. Exposure to chemicals in humans = accidentally through: Clinical trial: tests done on volunteers before the drug is marketed. Compare results here to knowledge gained from animal studies. See how often side effects occur in humans. At this phase the drug is still considered clinical because it can have rare incidence of a super harmful effect in patients. The yellow card system: system for reporting adverse reactions to drugs in human medicines. Cohort studies: patients that are exposed to the studied chemical are followed over time. Case-control studies: individuals exposed and that have developed disease are compared with similar control individuals who have no disease. After an accident occurs that has to do with the chemicals. Can be hard to find a good control group to compare to the exposed group.
