BIOL 084 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Synapsis, Nuclear Membrane, Prophase

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indigolocust247

15 Oct 2016

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Chapter 6: cell division - mitosis and meiosis. 2 types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis: growth and repair of body cells. Produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. Produces gametes (sperm and ova) with half the chromosomes of the parent cell. Chromosome consists of a highly coiled and condensed strand of dna. A replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. One is an exact copy of the other. Centromere: specialized region that holds the two sister chromatids together. Spindle fibers connect the centromere to the centrosome during cell division. The cell cycle living and dividing cells pass through regular sequence of growth and division. 5 stages: g1, s, g2 (all make up interphase), mitosis, and cytokinesis. 90% of cell life is spent in interphase. Chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division. One or more nucleoli become visible within the nucleus, and nuclear membrane remains intact.

Related Questions

Indicate whether the following outcomes of cell division are observed in mitosis only, meiosis only, or both mitosis and meiosis. Sister chromatids are separated. mitosis only meiosis only both mitosis and meiosos Contains only one cellular division mitosis only both mitosis and meiosos meiosis only DNA is replicated prior to cell division. both mitosis and meiosos mitosis only meiosis only A diploid parent cell produces haploid daughter cells. mitosis only both mitosis and meiosos meiosis only Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cell. meiosis only

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M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Carefully read the following statements about cell division (1) After meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the newly formed cell is the same as that in the parent cell. Whereas, in mitosis, the chromosome number in daughter cell is reduced to half. (2) Cytokinesis is a highly regulated event in which cellular organelles are evenly distributed forming two daughter cells. (3) In Meiosis, DNA replication occurs only once whereas the cells divide twice and it is the mechanism that produces genetic variation in daughter cells. (4) In diplotene, chiasmata are formed between homologous chromosomes followed by crossing over and segregation of sister chromatids. (5)The kinetochore is a DNA protein complex which serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers. Which of the above statement or combination of statements is correct?

BIOL 084 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Synapsis, Nuclear Membrane, Prophase

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