CHEM 130 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Hydrogen Bond, Joule
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An isolated proton is incredibly reactive formation of h3o+ in water hydrochloric acid is a strong acid: the free energy g for its ionization equilibrium in water is 40kj mol 1. Such a large negative g value means that the equilibrium lies well over to the right. In the gas phase, however, things are drastically different and g for the ionization is +1347 kj mol 1. This g value corresponds to 1 molecule of hcl in 10240 being dissociated! Hcl does not spontaneously ionize in the gas phase it does not lose protons at all. The key to this problem is, of course, the water. In the gas phase we would have to form an isolated proton (h+, hydrogen ion) and chloride ion and this is energetically very unfavourable. In contrast, in aqueous solution the proton is strongly attached to a water molecule to give the very stable hydronium ion, h3o+, and the ions are no longer isolated but solvated.
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