CHEM 101 Chapter : Chemistry Learning OutcomesFA13

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Sociology Feb. 18

Strain Theory- people engage in deviance when there is a strain between goals and

means.

Modes of Adaption (5)

• Conformists- (not deviant)- accept goals and means

• Innovator- accept goals but reject means

• Ritualist- reject goals but accept means

• Retreatist- rejecting goals and means (drop out, homeless person)

• Rebellion- replace goals and means

Differential Associations Theory- people learn deviance through association with

deviant peers.

Broken Windows Theory- people are more likely to commit greater crimes if they

get away with the first offense.

Labeling Theory- deviance is consequence of external judgements that modify a

persons self-concept

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Document Summary

Strain theory- people engage in deviance when there is a strain between goals and means. Modes of adaption (5: conformists- (not deviant)- accept goals and means. Innovator- accept goals but reject means: ritualist- reject goals but accept means, retreatist- rejecting goals and means (drop out, homeless person, rebellion- replace goals and means. Differential associations theory- people learn deviance through association with deviant peers. Broken windows theory- people are more likely to commit greater crimes if they get away with the first offense.

Related Questions

please help me answer some science questions:

Question 1: Choose all answers that correctly complete the following statement:

Science is...

Question 1 options:

A)	a set of careful steps followed in order by people in lab coats.

B)	just a collection of facts.

C)	a process of learning about the natural world.

D)	unchanging and static - once we know a scientific fact it does not change.

E)	a method that can answer any question.

F)	testing ideas with evidence.

Question 2 : "What is the meaning of life?" is a question that cannot be answered by science because

Question 2 options:

A)	it is not an interesting enough question for scientists.

B)	it involves collaboration with others to fully answer.

C)	it deals with supernatural explanations.

D)	it only has one answer.

Question 3 : Ignaz Semmelweis wanted to explain the high rates childbed fever mortality in his hospital in the 1800s. How did he use science?

Question 3 options:

A)	He wore a lab coat while in the maternity ward. He did not wear a lab coat in the rest of the hospital.

B)	He tested the idea that doctors caused the deaths by comparing mortality rates of patients treated by doctors that disinfected their hands (in between patients) with the mortality rates of patients that had dirty-handed doctors.

C)	He read a scientific journal about bacterial causes of childbed fever.

D)	He changed birthing procedures so that women gave birth on their sides and were assisted by doctors that disinfected their hands.

Question 4 : When determining which hypothesis or model to accept, scientists should

Question 4 options:

A)	choose the most popular explanation.

B)	choose the hypothesis supported by evidence.

C)	go with their favorite hypothesis (as long as it's still shiny).

D)	support the most recent hypothesis to be proposed as a plausible explanation.

Question 5: What happens when new evidence does not support a current scientific hypothesis (or current understanding of a natural phenomenon)?

Choose all that are correct.

Question 5 options:

A)	We should re-evaluate the current understanding and possibly reject past ideas based on the new evidence.

B)	The scientific community labels the scientist that collected the evidence as an unreliable quack.

C)	Scientists throw out the new evidence since obviously the experimental design must be flawed.

D)	Scientists should test the idea in a novel way (inspire new ideas) to determine if the new evidence is consistent with a new understanding.

Question 6: To gain entrance to the Science club, you should:

Question 6 options:

A)	fabricate your data often to support your favorite hypothesis.

B)	take all the credit for yourself.

C)	check all the boxes on the science checklist. If you miss even one, you're denied your scientist ID card.

D)	behave scientifically (preferably in a lab coat).

Question 7 : Choose all the answers that correctly complete the following statement:

Scientists interact with the scientific community by...

Question 7 options:

A)	speaking at conferences.

B)	locking themselves in ivory towers.

C)	being inspired by other scientists and testing their ideas in new and novel ways.

D)	only listening to NPR (National Public Radio) on Science Fridays.

E)	publishing in science journals.

Question 8: Which of the following questions CANNOT be answered using the scientific method?

Question 8 options:

A)	How does migration affect the reproductive success of monarch butterflies?

B)	Should local communities invest money in sustainable farming practices instead of new infrastructure (e.g., roads and bridges)?

C)	How does coastal development affect wetland biodiversity (number and types of organisms present)?

D)	Is water a toxic substance?

E)	Do pesticides cause developmental changes in frogs?

Question 9 : Choose all of the following answers that correctly completes the following statement:

Representing the scientific method in a linear, cookbook sequence:

Question 9 options:

A)	incorporates the important concept of testing ideas with evidence

B)	does not capture how science really works.

C)	is too simplified.

D)	incorrectly implies that there is an endpoint to science. (If the scientific method is a simple progression, once a valid conclusion is reached, science is done!)

Please help me finish lab...my lab stopped working and I can'tget the labs to finish. I highlighted and underlined my answers. Ibolded the questions that I could not finish.

1-4: Investigating the Properties of Alpha and BetaParticles

As scientists began investigating the properties of atoms, theirfirst discovery was that they could extract

negatively charged particles. They called these particleselectrons, but they are also known as beta

particles in the context of nuclear decay. Robert Millikan usedbeta particles in his famous Oil Drop

Experiment. Another particle ejected during nuclear decay is thealpha particle. An alpha particle is a

helium nucleus, or a helium atom without its two electrons.Consequently, an alpha particle is positively

charged. Ernest Rutherford used alpha particles in his Gold FoilExperiment.

1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Alpha and BetaParticles from the list of assignments. The lab will open inthe Quantum laboratory.

2. What source is used in this experiment? Drag yourcursor over the source to identify it.

ElectronGun

What type of charge do electrons have? Negative

What detector is used in this experiment? A phosporScreen

3. Turn on the Phosphor Screen. (Click on the green/redbutton.)

What do you observe? A dot in the center of thescreen

The phosphor screen detects charged particles (such aselectrons) and it glows momentarily at the positions where theparticles impact the screen.

4. Drag the lab window down and left and the phosphor screenwindow up and right in order to

minimize the overlap. Push the Gridbutton on the phosphor screen, and set the Magnetic Fieldto 30

?T. (Click the button above the tens place three times. If youmistakenly click between digits, it will

move the decimal point. Click it to place it where it wasoriginally and then click above the tens

place.)

What happens to the spot from the electron gun on thephosphor screen? the dot moves to theright

5. Click once above the tens place on the ElectricField meter. Observe the spot. Click a second time

above the tens place on the Electric Field.

What happens to the spot from the electron gun on thephosphor screen? The dot moves to theleft

6. Zero out the Magnetic Field and ElectricField meters by clicking on the appropriate digit buttonsuntil the spot on the phosphor screen is centered again.

7. Double-click or click and drag the electron gun to move it tothe Stockroom counter. Enter the Stockroom byclicking inside the Stockroom. Double-click the electrongun to move it back to the shelf. Double-click on the alpha sourceto select it and move it to the Stockroom counter. Clickon the green Return to Lab arrow to return to the lab.Drag the alpha source from the Stockroom counter and placeit on the table where the electron gun was originally placed (themiddle spot light). Click on the front of the alpha source to openthe shutter.

What appears on thephosphor screen?

Atomic Theory

8. Change the unit for the Magnetic Field from ?T to mTby clicking once above the unit. Click above the hundreds placethree times to set the Magnetic Field to 300 mT(millitesla). This magnetic field is one million times strongerthan what we used for the electron gun.

Whichdirection is the spot deflected when the magnetic field isincreased this time?

How doesthis compare with the direction of movement when the magnetic fieldwas turned on for the electrons?

9. Change the unit for the Electric Field from V to kVby clicking once above the unit. Observe the spot as you increasethe Electric Field strength from 0 kV to 5 kV. Themovement is slight so pay careful attention.

Whichdirection is the spot moved when you increase the ElectricField?

How doesthis compare with the direction of movement for the electron beamin the Electric Field?

Why does ittake significantly stronger magnetic and electric field strengthsto move the beam of alpha particles compared with the beam ofelectrons (beta particles)?

10. Return the values on the two meters to zero. Double-click(or click and drag) the alpha source and the phosphor screen toreturn them to the Stockroom counter. Enter theStockroom. Double-click on the alpha source and thephosphor screen to place them on the shelf. Select the laser andthe video camera by double-clicking on them, and then click on thegreen Return to Lab arrow to return to the lab. Place thelaser in the center spotlight on the left and turn the laser on(click on the red/green light). Place the video camera on thecenter spotlight on the right and click the video camera to turn iton. Set the laser intensity to 1 nW and the wavelength to 20 nm.This wavelength is in the x-ray region of the electromagneticspectrum. The purple dot is a representation of the x-rays hittingthe video camera. Change the Electric Field andMagnetic Field to determine the effect on the x-rays.

Did theelectric or magnetic fields affect the x-rays? Why or whynot?

Summarizewhat you have learned about electrons (beta particles), alphaparticles, and x-rays.

CHEM 101 Chapter : Chemistry Learning OutcomesFA13

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