CAS EC 202 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Marginal Product
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: the state of technology (cid:1838): the amount of effective labor. Technological progress (cid:1870)(cid:1857)(cid:1856)(cid:1855)(cid:1857)(cid:1871) the number of workers needed to produce a given amount of output. Doubling a produces the same quantity of output with only half the original number of workers, l. Technological progress increases the output that can be produced with a given number of workers. Patents give a firm that has discovered a new product- usually a new technique or device- the right to exclude anyone else from the production or use of the new product for some time. On the one hand, protection is needed to provide firms with the incentives to spend on r&d. On the other, once firms have discovered new products, it would be best for society if the knowledge embodied in those new products were made available to other firms and to people without restrictions. To sustain growth, advanced countries, which are at the technology frontier, must innovate.