CAS CH 109 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Intermolecular Force, Chemical Polarity
21 Feb 2014
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4 r: 1/r factor, ions only, widely separated molecules come closer together energy initially falls. As distance becomes very small, energy increases. Outline: size of ion and its charge control extent of hydration. Smaller cations are more extensively hydrated than large cations. Higher charge = higher extent of hydration: dipole-dipole, typical energy = 2 kj mol-1, molecules lined up with opposite partial charges on neighboring molecules . Outline: more ldfs = higher boiling point, shape of molecule also contributes to strength of intermolecular forces 2 rod-like shapes have greater ldfs than 2 sphere-like shapes (more contact points, dipole-induced dipole. Polar molecule interacts with nonpolar molecule (ex: oxygen dissolving in water) Attracted to lone pair of electrons on another n, o, or f atom: dominates any other intermolecular forces that the molecule might have, dimers pairs of identical molecules (ex: vapor of acetic acid) Repulsions intermolecular repulsions arise from overlap of orbitals on neighboring molecules and requirements of pauli exclusion principle.
