CAS BI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 29: Non-Vascular Plant, Lycopodiopsida, Charophyta

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marooncrab512

6 May 2015

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Identify different groups of vascular and nonvascular plants. Understand how land plants evolved from algae over time. Explain the distinct life cycles and adaptations of these plant groups. Explain why how plant evolution shaped the modern state of the earth. Charophytes are green algae that share three important distinctive features with land plants: Land plants share a common ancestor with the closely related green algae discussed in. They have protein rings in their plasma membrane that synthesize a cellulose cell wall. They have a similar structure of flagellated sperm. They form a special structure called the phargmoplast during cell division. Land plants have a number of features that they evolved which charophytes do not possess. These features indicate that charophytes are the closest relatives of land plants, meaning that they must have had a common ancestor that evolved to live on the land.

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rosehornet110

1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)

		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine
		The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do
		Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria
		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does
		Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack

What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)

		Biochemical similarities between existing species
		Fossils
		Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.)
		DNA sequences and molecular clocks

For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya

- A. B. C.	Methanogens (prokaryotes that produce methane)
- A. B. C.	Gram-positive bacteria
- A. B. C.	Fungi
- A. B. C.	Animals
- A. B. C.	Cyanobacteria
- A. B. C.	Green algae
- A. B. C.	Red algae
- A. B. C.	Amoebas
- A. B. C.	Thermophiles (prokaryotes of hydrothermal vents)
- A. B. C.	Plants
- A. B. C.	Free-living relatives of mitochondria
- A. B. C.	Single-celled organisms with a circular strand of DNA, without anuclear envelope and without peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:

		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs
		There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi
		There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods
		There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species

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CAS BI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 29: Non-Vascular Plant, Lycopodiopsida, Charophyta

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