BIOL 2040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Nuclear Membrane

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18 Oct 2016

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~1. prophase: chromosomes condense, centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles. Prometaphase: microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes. ~4. anaphase: sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite sides. ~5. telophase: nuclear envelope re-forms and chromosomes condense. ~mitotic spindle- pulls the chromosomes into daughter cells. ~nuclear envelope breaks down microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes. ~kinetochores-one on each side, ensures each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle from one pole to the next. ~centromere splits, spindle shortens, pulling to opposite sides. ~spindle breaks down and disappears, nuclear envelope reforms around each cell, chromosomes condense, two nuclei form. ~animal cells- contractile ring forms and splits in the middle by actin filament. ~cytokinesis-during telophase forms phragmoplast and during anaphase form a new cell wall. ~meiotic division- sexual reproduction, gametes fuse, two rounds of nuclear division. ~meiosis 1- homologous chromosomes separate chromosomes by half, begins with prophase 1. Synapsis occurs which creates a four-stranded structure called a bivalent.

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31.????? interphase A. cytoplasm divided between the two daughter cells

32.????? chromosomenumber B. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei form

33.????? chromatid C. sum total of chromosomes in all cells of a given

type

34.????? cytokinesis D. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle

begins to form

35.????? metaphase E. chromosomes line up at spindle equator

36.????? alleles F. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite

spindle poles now

37.????? prophase G. none between meiosis I and II

38.????? telophase H. half of a chromosome in prophase

39. ????? anaphase I. different molecular forms of the same gene

Matching

ultramarineporpoise990

Determine whether the following applies to mitosis, meiosis, orboth; also identify the specific stage of cell division thatapplies (e.g. mitosis prophase, meiosis anaphase II, etc)

1) chromosomes pairs line up across the center of the cell

2) sister chromatids seperate

3) spindle fibers separate homologous chromosomes

4) 4 haploid daughter cells are produced

5) a cell 1st undergoes DNA replication

6) chromosomes line up single file across the middle of thecell

7) sister chromatids separate from each other

8) 2 haploid daughter cells form

9) the nuclear membrane re forms

10) spindle fibers attach to pairs of homologous chromosomes

11) the nuclear membrane begins to dissolve

12) centrosomes duplicate

13) synapsis and crossing over occurs

14) 2 diploid daughter cells form

turquoiseporpoise808

Part A- Microtubules. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles

2) They are required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

3) They are required for moving homologs to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase I of meiosis.

4) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

6) They are a layered structue located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

Part B- Cyclin-dependent kinases. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles.

2) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are important for homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part C- Kinetochores. Select all that apply.

1) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

2) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are complx structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part D- Synaptonemal complex. Select all that apply.

1) It is required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

2) It is a layered structure located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

3) It is complex structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

4) It catalyzes the phospohorylation of specific proteins.

5) It is important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

BIOL 2040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Nuclear Membrane

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