BIOLOGY 1AL Chapter Notes - Chapter 54: Parasitism, Ecological Island, Primary Succession

18 views3 pages

fuchsiaporcupine53

26 Mar 2016

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved: key relations in the life of an organism are its interactions with individuals of. Faco;option (+/+) or (0/+) resource that is in short supply. One species, the predator, kills and eats the other, they prey. Predation has led to diverse adaptations, including mimicry. An herbivore eats part of a plant or alga. Individuals of two or more species live in close contact with another. The [parasite derives its nourishment from a second organism, its host, which is harmed. One species benefits from the interaction, while the other is unaffected by it. Species have positive effects on the survival and reproduction of other species without the intimate contact of symbiosis. Branching food chains and complex trophic interactions from food webs: dominant species are most abundant species in community.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

These include simultaneous consideration of tolerance ranges for all conditions, resource requirements (of all biotic and abiotic resources), and habitat preferences.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

. Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 2

Interspecific competition has this outcome when the effects of intraspecific competition outweigh the effects of interspecific competition.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 3

The range of places that species could occupy based on suitability; a hypothetical location and ecological/trophic role in the absence of ecological interactions such as competition.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 4

Graphs of the Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model illustrate coexistence of two species with one of these features.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niches

. Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

. Isoclines

. Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 5

When a particular species always outcompetes a second species in the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition, these features will never intersect.

Fundamental ecological niches

Hutchinsonian ecological niche

Realized ecological niches

Competition coefficients

Competitive exclusion

Coexistence

Isoclines

Stable equilibria

Unstable equilibria

QUESTION 6

When prey/foods increase in abundance, the predator population increases through reproduction and/or immigration.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

This is not an answer- don't choose it!

QUESTION 7

Endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, gut âmicrofloraâ and lichens are examples of this type of ecological interaction.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 8

Prey switching, prey mechanisms to avoid predation (via increased group size), and formation of search images generate variations of this phenomenon.

Amensilism

Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 9

Generally do not kill their prey, and consume only one (or perhaps a few) individual prey during a particular developmental phase or lifetime.

Amensilism

Commensilism

. Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

QUESTION 10

Extremely asymmetric competition and âaccidentsâ can result in this ecological interaction.

Amensilism

. Commensilism

Functional response

Mutualism

Numerical response

Parasite

Parasitoid

True predator

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

1. Which of the following definitions of âlifeâ is correct? a) Life is composed of inorganic matter that can reproduce and undergo natural selection b) Life is composed of organized matter that can sexually reproduce and remain constant over time c) Life is composed of organized matter that is capable of undergoing reproduction and natural selection d) Life is composed of autotrophic matter that can self-replicate and remain constant over time

2. Prokaryotes can adapt to rapid changes in environment because: a) they have such short generation times b) they can form endospores c) nothing can limit their population growth d) they are motile e) all of the above

3. Which of the following sets of life forms all possess mitochondria a) Archaea and Bacteria b) Fungi and Archaea c) Animals (Metazoa) and Plants d) Fungi, Animals (Metazoa) and Bacteria e) Animals (Metazoa) and Archaea

4. Which of the following are NOT metazoans (animals) a) arthropods b) invertebrates c) vertebrates d) prokaryotes e) insects

5. Which life cycle phase is dominant in angiosperms? a) gametophyte b) archegonia c) microsporangia d) megasporangia e) sporophyte

6. Which of the following is NOT a trend in the evolutionary specialisation of land plants a) Increasing dominance of sporophyte generation b) Decreasing dependence on water for reproduction c) Development of structural specialisation that allow increased plant size d) Development of non-photosynthetic fungi as an evolutionary offshoot of plants e) Development of various forms of flowers and complex interactions with insects

7. All animals and plants share a number of traits. One of these is a) autotrophy b) a cell wall c) mitochondria d) chloroplasts e) all of the above

8. The multicellular body plans of different animals, plants and fungi a) are the products of convergent evolution b) consist of multiple genotypes c) are always produced asexually d) can be used to classify these multicellular organisms e) are invariable between individuals

9. The carrying capacity of populations will often be determined by: a) access to mates b) parasitism c) competition for resources d) the breeding rate e) predation

10. Keystone species are: a) predators that sit at the top of the food-chain b) the most abundant species in the community and therefore have the strongest effect on community dynamics c) species that have a strong effect on community dynamics relative to their abundance d) typically at the bottom of the food-chain e) more abundant in late succession communities

BIOLOGY 1AL Chapter Notes - Chapter 54: Parasitism, Ecological Island, Primary Succession

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOLOGY 1AL Chapter 51: An Overview of Ecology

BIOLOGY 1AL Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Life Table, Aphotic Zone, Herd Immunity

BIOL 102 Lecture 26: Chapter 54

Related Questions