BIOL2010 Chapter Notes -Multicellular Organism, Chloroplast, Endomembrane System
Document Summary
Protists are eukaryotes: fundamental features of eukaryotes: o the nuclear envelope is a synapomorphy that defines the domain eukarya. o most eukaryotic cells are large, have many organelles, and have an extensive system of structural proteins called the cytoskeleton. o multicellularity has evolved multiple times in eukaryotes. o eukaryotes reproduce either asexually via mitosis or sexually via meiosis, protists are all the eukaryotes that are not fungi, green plants, or animals. (fig. Review table 29. 2 major lineages of eukaryotes. The diversification of protists has been associated with the evolution of innovative structures for support and protection: (1) glass like shells in a box and lid arrangement (diatoms) (2) a cell wall made of cellulose plates (dinoflagellates) (3) chambers of calcium carbonate (foraminifera) (4) coverings of tiny pebbles (other foraminifera and some amoebae) (5) an internal support rod (parabasalids) (6) a collection of protein strips under the plasma membrane (euglenids) (7) sac like structures (alveolates)
