BIOL2000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Hydrophile, Phosphodiester Bond, Hydrogen Bond
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Document Summary
Nucleic acids are made up of monomers (nucleotides) Rna- has ribonucleotides and has oh group bonded to the 2" carbon. Dna- has deoxyribonucleotides and have only an h group. Purines- guanine and adenine (larger and have double ring) Pyrimidines- one ring, cytosine, uracil (rna), thymine (dna) Nucleic acids form when nucleotides polymerize which is the formation of a bond between a hydroxyl on the sugar component of one neucleotide, th result is phospodiester linkage. 5->3 the order of different nitrogenous bases in a nucleic acid forms the strucuture. Added phosphate groups raise energy contenet of molecule-----atp! During polymerization- nucleotides are only added to the 3 end. Rna and dna have sugar phosphate backbones created by phosphodiester linkages (watson and crick) The # of purines in given dna is same as pyrimidines. The # of t"s and a"s in dna are equal, and the number of c"s and g"s equal. Dna- antiparallel, double helix, purine-pyridimine pair(complementary base pairing)
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Related Questions
QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |