PSY 1305 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Hindsight Bias, Critical Thinking, Scatter Plot
Document Summary
Hindsight bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (i knew it all along phenomenon) Critical thinking: thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden value, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. Scientific inquiry begins with an attitude- a curious eagerness to skeptically scrutinize competing ideas and an open-minded humility before nature. Scientific method- make observations, form theories, refine theories from new observations. Theory- an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. Hypotheses- a testable prediction, often implied by a theory. Operational definitions- a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. Replication- repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
