BIOL BC 1500x Chapter Notes - Chapter 46: External Intercostal Muscles, Internal Intercostal Muscles, Countercurrent Exchange
25 Sep 2016
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Physiological respiration: process of animals taking in oxygen, distributing it throughout the body, and eliminating co2. Oxygen used in mitochondria to produce atp in cellular respiration respiratory medium: external material with which an animal exchanges gases. Respiratory surface: body surface across which gases are exchanged by diffusion. Most efficient if thin and have a large surface area. Small animals in aquatic or moist terrestrial environments: skin. Insects: tracheal systems: network of tubes that carry oxygen to most individual body cells. Larger aquatic animals: gills evaginations (extend into medium) Larger terrestrial animals: lungs invaginations (extend into body) Respiratory system: all organs responsible for gas exchange. In mammals: airways to lungs, lungs, chest structures that allow breathing. Water past gills in fish, moves one way. Perfusion: flow of fluid on inside of respiratory surface keeps concentration differences across respiratory systems at a maximum using circulatory systems (animals without use body movements) Skin as respiratory surface: animals are long and flat.
