HUMA 205 Chapter 1: Chapter 1 Note part 9
727. Ten years earlier, on the way to Troy, he had been forced to choose either to abandon the
campaign because of unfavorable tides or to obtain an easy passage by sacrifi cing his daughter
Iphigenia.
728. They certainly represent a level of civilization that has rarely, if ever, been reached since—a level
that has been a continuing inspiration to our culture.
729. CHAPTER 1 The Beginnings of Civilization carefully, almost obsessively planned Egyptian
building complexes, Minoan palaces seem at fi rst disorganized in plan.
730. Elsewhere in the temple were altars to Poseidon and Erechtheus, an early Athenian king; to the
legendary Athenian hero Butes; and to Hephaistos, the god of the decoration, seem to question
traditional architectural values in a way that parallels the doubts of Euripides and his contemporaries.
731. 1.23]. Evans’s discoveries at Knossos (and finds later made elsewhere on Crete by other
archaeologists) did much to confirm legendary accounts of Cretan prosperity and power.
732. Temple sculpture or, as it is often called, architectural sculpture, was frequently in high relief, as
in the depiction of the decapitation of Medusa from Selinus [Fig.
733. In architecture, the Romans achieved a style that is one of the most impressive of all our legacies
from the ancient world.
734. From early in Egyptian history, monumental tombs were constructed for the ruling classes, the
most famous of which are the Great Pyramids at Giza.
735. The simple lyre, relatively small and easy to hold, had a sounding box made of a whole tortoise
shell and sides formed of goat horns or curved pieces of wood [Fig.
736. However unscientifi c his methods, he had proved the existence of a civilization in Bronze Age
Greece that surpassed in splendor even the legends; he had opened a new era in the study of the past.
737. The breastplate shows a bearded Parthian handing back the eagle-crowned standard to a Roman
soldier.
738. In nineteenth-century England, the Victorian Age owes its name to the symbolic importance of
Queen Victoria, whose crowning glory was to become “Empress of India,” while the use of cultural
unity to underpin political stability soon became a feature of the growth of the United States.
739. Many examples have been found of the elaborate jewelry worn by fi gures in the paintings; one of
the richest is the gold Wasp Pendant from Mallia.
740. We know little more of the music of the Archaic period than these odd facts.
741. The archaic smile has been superseded by a more natural expression, as the turn of the body is
shown realistically in the movement of the hips and stomach muscles.
742. The edition of the poems used by modern scholars was made by a scribe working at Alexandria in
the second century bce.
743. A remarkable synthesis of poetry and philosophy, this work alone is probably responsible for
whatever admiration the Romans could muster for a system of thought so different from their own
traditional virtues of simplicity and seriousness.
744. Festivals in honor of traditional deities were celebrated until long after the advent of Christianity
(see Table 4.1). Rituals that tried to read the future by the traditional examination of animals’ entrails
and other time-honored methods continued to be popular.
745. In addition, all the columns tilt slightly toward each other (it has been calculated that they would
all meet if extended upward for two miles).The columns at the corners are thicker and closer together
than the others, and the entablature leans outward.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
746. 55 470–456 Libon of Elis, Temple of Zeus at Olympia 449 Pericles commissions work on Acropolis
447–438 Ictinus and Callicrates, Parthenon 437–431 Mnesikles, Propylaea c.
747. In the visual arts, Augustan artists set the styles that dominated succeeding generations, while
writers such as the poets Virgil, Horace, Ovid, and Propertius, and the historian Livy established a
Golden Age of Latin literature.
748. But the range and variety of the Greek imagination defi ed this kind of categorization.
749. Within Greece the eff ect on art and life of this expansion to the east was immense.
750. The Erechtheum, the final temple to be completed, was not finished until 406 bce, two years
before the end of the war and the fall of Athens.
751. In some ways this period represents a transition from the end of the Mycenaean age, but the
memory of Mycenaean motifs soon gave way to a new style.
752. 1.20]. Within a century, however, internal dissensions and foreign events had produced a sharp
decline in Egypt’s power.
753. Because these works treat heroic themes, the early Iron Age in Greece is sometimes known as the
Heroic Age.
754. Of all the tragedians, Euripides is perhaps the closest to our own time, with his concern for
realism and his determination to expose social, political, and religious injustices.
755. Men harvesting olives, late 6th century bce, Greece.
756. By the time of the Middle Kingdom, it was no longer possible for pharaoh, priests, or nobles to
face the future with complete trust in divine providence.
757. Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece//© Nimatallah/Art Resource, NY 42 .
758. These metopes, which illustrate mythological battles, represent a lower level of achievement,
although some are more successful than others at reconciling scenes of violence and Classical idealism.
759. After spending years in exile, Orestes returns to Argos to avenge his father’s death by killing his
mother [Fig.
760. In the centuries following their expulsion from Rome in 510 bce, their cities were conquered and
their territory taken over by the Romans.
761. Throughout the fi fth century bce, musical rhythm was tied to that of the words or dance steps
the music accompanied.
762. In 480 bce he invaded Greece, defeated Spartan troops at Thermopylae, and sacked Athens.
763. The Greeks did not live in such tranquility; we must always remember that the Athenians of the
Golden Age existed not in an environment of calm contemplation but in a world of tension and
violence.
764. Roman arches commemorated victories by successful generals.
765. The adjacent buildings now began to collapse, and there was great, indeed inevitable, danger of
being involved in the ruins; for though the place was open, it was narrow.
766. Aristotle Plato’s most gifted pupil, Aristotle (384– 322 bce), continued to develop his master’s
doctrines, at first wholeheartedly and later critically, for at least twenty years.
767. The belief that the quest for reason and order could succeed gave a unifying ideal to the immense
and varied output of the Classical Age.
768. The label is accurate in that they all lived and died before the time of Socrates (469–399 bce) and
his pupil Plato (c.
769. In many respects, Roman portraiture represents Roman art at its most creative and sensitive.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Ten years earlier, on the way to troy, he had been forced to choose either to abandon the campaign because of unfavorable tides or to obtain an easy passage by sacrifi cing his daughter. They certainly represent a level of civilization that has rarely, if ever, been reached since a level that has been a continuing inspiration to our culture. Chapter 1 the beginnings of civilization carefully, almost obsessively planned egyptian building complexes, minoan palaces seem at fi rst disorganized in plan. Evans"s discoveries at knossos (and finds later made elsewhere on crete by other archaeologists) did much to confirm legendary accounts of cretan prosperity and power. Temple sculpture or, as it is often called, architectural sculpture, was frequently in high relief, as in the depiction of the decapitation of medusa from selinus [fig. In architecture, the romans achieved a style that is one of the most impressive of all our legacies from the ancient world.
