HUMA 205 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Octavians, Mycenaean Greece, Homeric Question
517. The decoration of pottery became Orientalizing in style, while large freestanding sculpture based
on Egyptian models began to evolve.
518. His chief religious doctrines seem to have been belief in the transmigration of souls and the
kinship of all living things— teachings that led to the development of a religious cult that bore his
name.
519. Toward the end of the Middle Minoan period (c.1700 bce), the palaces were destroyed, probably
by an earthquake, and then rebuilt on an even grander scale.
520. 3.13] was the first The Visual Arts in Classical Greece .
521. They seem to relate to the cult of the Greek god Dionysus and the importance of the cult for girls
approaching marriage, but many of the details are diffi cult to interpret.
522. (© Scala/Art Resource, NY) At the same time his social reforms, aimed chiefl y at the upper
classes, were intended to return his subjects to traditional family values.
523. Uffi zi, Florence, Italy//© Alinari/Art Resource, NY IMPERIAL ROME (31 BCE–476 CE) With the
assassination of Julius Caesar, a brief respite from civil war was followed by further turmoil.
524. Tragic drama, in which music played an important role, reached its highest achievement in the
works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.
525. 510 bce), on the other hand, went so far as to claim that true reality can only be apprehended by
reason and is all-perfect and unchanging, without time or motion.
526. Among the fi nest examples of mid-fi fth-century-bce sculpture are two bronze statues found off
the coast of southeast Italy in the 1980s [Fig.
527. These epic poems were almost certainly composed and preserved at a time before the introduction
of writing in Greece by individuals who passed them down by word of mouth.
528. Museum of the Ara Pacis, Rome, Italy//© Scala/Art Resource, NY Imperial Rome (31 BCE–476
CE) .
529. The chief characteristic of Egyptian religious thought was the belief in survival after death for
those who had led a good life.
530. Although Epicureanism stresses moderation and pru- Voices of Their Times A Dinner Party in
Imperial Rome At the end of this course Trimalchio left the table to relieve himself, and so finding
ourselves free from the constraint of his overbearing presence, we began to indulge in a little friendly
conversation.
531. He was joined in this endeavor by Caesar’s young great-nephew, Octavius, who had been named
by Caesar as his heir and who had recently arrived in Rome from the provinces.
532. LITERARY DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE REPUBLIC The Romans put most of their energy
into political and military aff airs, leaving little time for art or literature.
533. It was especially popular with Roman architects who generally preferred it to both the Doric and
Ionic styles.
534. Describe Greek musical theory in the fifth and fourth centuries bce.
535. THE ATHENIAN TRAGIC DRAMATISTS Even if some elements of the surviving Greek dramas
are lost, we do have the words.
536. The Parthenon The great outcrop of rock that forms the Acropolis was an obvious choice by
Pericles for the Parthenon and the other buildings planned with it.
537. Sometimes when she is shown fl anked by animals, as the Mistress of the Beasts, she seems to be
the ancestor of the Greek goddess Artemis.
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538. 490 Kritios Boy; turning point between Archaic and Classical Periods 480–323 First naturalistic
sculpture and painting appear c.
539. Herodotus’s analysis of the Greek victory was based on a serious philosophical, indeed theological,
belief— that the Persians were defeated because they were morally in the wrong.
540. The breakthrough into purely instrumental music seems to have come at the beginning of the
Archaic period.
541. The hero of Thucydides’ account of the years immediately preceding the war is Pericles, the
leader whose name symbolizes the achievements of the Athenian Golden Age [Fig.
542. The wall paintings in the tombs become increasingly gloomy, suggesting that for an Etruscan of
the third century bce, the misfortunes of this life were followed by the tortures of the next.
543. The Roman genius, in fact, lay precisely in absorbing and assimilating infl uences from outside
and going on to create from them something typically Roman.
544. This Romanization of the entire known world permitted the Romans to disseminate ideas drawn
from other peoples.
545. Even so, no other culture related to the Etruscans’ has ever been found.
546. His particular brand of gentle melancholy The Visual Arts in Classical Greece .
547. These aspects of Classical tragedy are a reminder that the surviving texts of the plays represent
only a small part of the total experience of the original per- .
548. In any case, there is no doubt that throughout the last period of the palaces a new power was
growing, the Mycenaeans.
549. After Socrates’ death, Plato left Athens, horrifi ed at the society that had sanctioned the execution,
and spent several years traveling.
550. Pericles directing the construction of a wall on the Acropolis, 440– 430 bce, Athens, Greece.
551. Among the most touching works to survive from the period are several oil fl asks used for
funerary off erings [Fig.
552. Drama and Philosophy in Classical Greece .
553. For the Greeks, music was of divine origin; the gods had invented musical instruments: Hermes or
Apollo the lyre, Athena the fl ute, and so on.
554. As a result, human life can be lived in complete freedom; we can face the challenges of existence
and even natural disasters like earthquakes or plagues with complete serenity, because their
occurrence is random and outside our control.
555. With its release from the function of mere accompaniment, instrumental music became especially
popular in the fourth century bce.
556. Sophocles The life of Sophocles (496–406 bce) spanned both the glories and the disasters of the
fifth century bce.
557. The powerful political fi gures of the period also used the medium of architecture to express their
authority.
558. The same period was marked by major cultural developments at Athens.
559. This copy was found by chance in the Roman baths at Cyrene, North Africa.
560. A short time later (around 1200 bce), the Mycenaean empire fell, its major centers destroyed and
most of them abandoned.
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Document Summary
Toward the end of the middle minoan period (c. 1700 bce), the palaces were destroyed, probably by an earthquake, and then rebuilt on an even grander scale. 3. 13] was the first the visual arts in classical greece . Tragic drama, in which music played an important role, reached its highest achievement in the works of aeschylus, sophocles, and euripides. The chief characteristic of egyptian religious thought was the belief in survival after death for those who had led a good life: although epicureanism stresses moderation and pru- voices of their times a dinner party in. Literary developments during the republic the romans put most of their energy into political and military aff airs, leaving little time for art or literature. It was especially popular with roman architects who generally preferred it to both the doric and. Ionic styles: describe greek musical theory in the fifth and fourth centuries bce.
