PSYC 2240 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Endorphins, Opiate, Prefrontal Cortex
12 Sep 2016
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Adult humans hear from 15-20hz, to somewhat less than 20,000hz. Larger animals hear best at lower pitches, small higher. Prosody: conveying emotional info by tone of voice. Pinna: in outer ear, familiar structure of flesh + cartilage attached to each side of head. Tympanic membrane: eardrum in middle ear, after passing through auditory canal. Oval window: membrane of the inner ear (hammer, anvil + stirrup) Cochlea: structure in inner ear, 3 long fluid tunnels: scala vesibuli, scala media + scala tympani. Hair cells: auditory receptors, lie between basilar membrane of the cochlea on one side, tectorial membrane on the other side. Place theory: basilar membrane areas tuned to specific frequency. Frequency theory: basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, causing auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency. Volley principle: auditory nerve as a whole produces volleys of impulses for sounds up to 4000 per second, even though no individual axon approaches that frequency.
