PSYC 2120 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Kin Selection, Outlast, Prosocial Behavior
Document Summary
Altruism a (cid:373)oti(cid:448)e to i(cid:374)(cid:272)rease a(cid:374)other"s (cid:449)elfare (cid:449)ithout (cid:272)o(cid:374)s(cid:272)ious regard for o(cid:374)e"s self-interests: selfishness in reverse helpful when no benefits are offered/expected in return. In the long run, helping benefits the giver as well as the receiver. Social-exchange theory a theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to (cid:373)a(cid:454)i(cid:373)ize o(cid:374)e"s re(cid:449)ards a(cid:374)d (cid:373)i(cid:374)i(cid:373)ize o(cid:374)e"s (cid:272)osts. Rewards : rewards that motivate helping may be external or internal. External businesses donating money to improve corporate image. Internal leaving tips for waiters/kindness to strangers. Egoism a motive (supposedly underlying all behavior) to increase your own welfare; the opposite of altruism, which aims to increase someone else"s (cid:449)elfare. I(cid:374)ter(cid:374)al fa(cid:272)tors, su(cid:272)h as the helper"s e(cid:373)otio(cid:374)al state or perso(cid:374)al traits: benefits of helping include internal self-rewards, distress . Others distress causes you distress and therefore you must respond to a(cid:374)other"s distress to relie(cid:448)e (cid:455)our o(cid:449)(cid:374): guilt . Guilt is a painful emotion that people avoid and seek to relieve.
