MATH 1190 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9.1: Binary Relation

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greywoodchuck145

29 Jul 2015

School

York University

Department

Mathematics and Statistics

Course

MATH 1190

Professor

Valery Michkine

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The most direct way to express a relationship between elements of two sets is to use ordered pairs made up of two related elements. For this reason, sets of ordered pairs are called binary relations: let a and b be sets. A binary relation from a to b is a subset of a b. In other words, a binary relation from a to b is a set r of ordered pairs where the first element of each ordered pair comes from a and the second element comes from b. Example: let a = {0, 1, 2} and b = {a, b}. Then {(0, a), (0, b), (1, a), (2, b)} is a relation from a to b. Relations on a set: a relation on a set a is a relation from a to a. In other words, a relation on a set a is a subset of a a.

Related Questions

I have the answer for the following question. But some of theanswers are not correct.

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Let r in and u =(1 1 0), v = (1 4 1), w = (r2 1 r2), b = (3+2r 5+12r 2r). For which values r in is the set {u. v, w} linearly independent? For which values r in is the vector b a linear combination of u. v and w? For which of these values of r can b be written as a linear combination of u. v and w in more than one way? The set 3 of all column vectors of length three, with real entries, is a vector space. Is the subset B = {(x y z) in 3 | xy + yz = 0} a subspace of 3? Justify your answer. Show that the set of all twice differentiable functions f : satisfying the differential equation sin(x) f"(x) + x2f(x) = 0 is a vector space with respect to the usual operations of addition of functions and multiplication by scalars. Here, f" denotes the second derivative of f. Let S be the following subset of the vector space 3 of all real polynomials p of degree at most 3: S = {p in 3 | p(l) = 0, p'(l) = 0}, where p' is the derivative of p. Determine whether S is a subspace of 3. Determine whether the polynomial q(x) = x - 2x2 + x3 is an element of S. u = (1 1 0), v = (1 4 1), w = (r2 1 r2) if {u, v, w} is linearly independent set 1(4r2 - 1)-1(r2 - r2) ne 0 4r2 ne 1 r ne plusmn1/2 this set is linearly independent set for values of e ne plusmn1/2 - - - - - - - (3+2r 5+12r 2r) = a1 (1 1 0) + a2 (1 4 1) + a3 (r2 1 r2) this forms system of equations in a1, a2, a3 if 4r2 - 1 ne 0 then system has unique solution if 4r2 - 1 = 0 and -2 - 4r = 0 rArr r = -1/2, the system has more than one solution if 4r2 - 1 ne 0 b can be written as linear combination of u,v,w as uniquely if r = -1/2 then b can be written as linear combination of u,v,w more than one way - - - - - - - - - (1 1 -1) in B and (1 0 1) in B (1 1 -1) + (1 0 1) = (2 1 0) not in B since 2times1+1times0 ne 0 so addition of vector is failed, this set is not forms subspace consider the following differential equation (sinx)f"(x) + x2f (x) = 0 each solution is continuous function the set of all solutions is subset of space of set of all continuous functions n from R to R let f,g are two solutions (sinx)f"(x) + x2f (x) = 0 (sinx)g"(x)+x2g(x) = 0 ccheck whether af+bg is solution or not (sinx)f"(x) + x2f(x) = 0 rArr (sinx) af"(x) + x2?f (x) = 0 (sinx)g"(x) + x2g (x) = 0 rArr (sinx)bg" (x) + x2bg (x) = 0 (sinx)(af"(x)+bg"(x)) +x2 (af (x) + bg(x)) = 0 af+bg is also solution to differential equation the set of all solutions to differential equation forms subspace - - - - - - - - - - consider the following subset of P3 {p in P3/.p(l)=0, p'(l) = 0} let p, q in S rArr p(l)= 0, p'(l) = 0 and q(l) = 0, q'(l) = 0 (ap + bq) (l) = ap (l) +b q(l) = a (0) + b (0) = 0 (ap + bq)'(1) = ap'(l) +bq'(1) = a (0) + b(0) = 0 p, q in S rArr ap +bq in S then S is subspace q(x) = x - 2x2 + x3 q(1) = 1 - 2 + 1 = 0 q'(x)=1 - 4x + 3x2 q'(l) = 1 - 4 + 3 = 0 q is element of S

These questions are asking about subrgoups, groups, isormorphic.

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SAMPLE MIDTERM 1, MATH 120A

(1) 1. Write the denition of group.

2. Give an example of a group of order 2011.

3. Give an example of a non-abelian group with 12 elements.

(2) Let (G,*) and (H . ) be groups.

1. Dene what it means for G and H to be isomorphic.

2. Assume that G has exactly two solutions to the equation x^2 =e.

Prove, directly from the denition in (1), that if G and H areiso-

morphic, then H has exactly two solutions to the equation x^2 =e.

3. Prove or disprove: (R, +) is isomorphic (R+, . ). Here R+ ={x is subset of R : x>0}.

4. Prove or disprove: (R, +) is isomorphic (R*, . ). Here R* ={x is subset of R : x is not 0}

(3) Let G be the group Z_20, with addition modulo 20.

1. Draw the subgroup diagram of G, giving a generator for eachsubgroup

2. Find the subgroup H =< 16 > of G.

3. Find a subgroup K of U_20 isomorphic to H.

(4) Let (G, . ) be a group and let H be a subgroup of H. Fix anelement a of

G and let K = { aha^-1 : h is subset of H}

1. Prove that K is a subgroup of G.

2. Prove that the map psi : H -> K, h -> aha^-1 isan isomorphism of groups.

(5) Let (G, . ) be a group and let a be an element of G.

1. Dene the order of a.

2. Give an example of an element of order 4 in GL(2,R).

3. Find the order of 16 in Z_20.

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MATH 1190 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9.1: Binary Relation

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