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ECON 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10.1: Opportunity Cost, W. M. Keck Observatory

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York University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 1000
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All

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ECON 1000 Full Course Notes
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ECON 1000 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

The irm and its economic problem: firm insituion that hires factors of producion and organizes those factors to produce and sell goods and services, the firm"s goal. Failure to do so, irm gets eliminated: accouning proit. Using accouning to discover revenue: economic accouning. Measure irm"s proit to make sure irm pays correct amount of income tax. Economic proit = total revenue total cost. Total cost = opportunity cost of producion: firm"s opportunity cost of producion. Opportunity cost of producion is the sum of the cost of using resources: Bought in the market: incurs opportunity cost when buying resources in the market. Could have bought other resources with the money used to buy the resources. Resources owned by the irm: incurs opportunity cost when uses its own capital. Could have sold the capital and rented a capital from another irm. When using own capital, implicitly rents it from itself.

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Related Questions

5. Economic profit is equal to 
 
a. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.
b. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.
c. total revenue minus the accounting cost of producing goods and services.
d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.
 
6. Accounting profit is equal to 
 
a. marginal revenue minus marginal cost.
b. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.
c. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.
d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.
 
7. Economic profit
 
a. will never exceed the accounting profit.
b. is most often equal to accounting profit
c. is always at least as large as accounting profit.
d. is a less complete measure of profitability than accounting profit
 
8. Which of the following expressions is correct?
 
a. accounting profit = total revenue - explicit costs
b. economic profit = total revenue - implicit costs
c. economic profit = total revenue - explicit costs
d. Both a and b are correct
 
Scenario 13-2:
 
Zach took $400,000 out of the bank and used it to start his new cookie business. The bank account pays 3% interest per year. During the first year of his business, Zach sold 6,000 boxes of cookies for $2.50. Also during the first year, the cookie business incurred costs that required outlays of money amounting to $9,000.
 
9. Zach's accounting profit for the year was
 
a. $-494,000
b. $-6,000
c. $6,000
d. $12,000
 
10. Zach's economic profit for the year was
a. S-506,000
b· $-6,000
c. $3,000
d. $6,000.
 
Scenario 14-1:
 
As part of an estate settlement, Mary received $1 million. She decided to use the money to purchase a small business in Anywhere, USA. If Mary would have invested the $1 million in a risk-free bond fund she could have made $100,000 each year. She also quit her job with Lucky.Com Inc. to devote all of her time to her new business; her salary at Lucky.Com Inc. was $75,000 per 
 
11. At the end of the first year of operating her new business, Mary's accountant reported an accounting profit of $150,000. What was Mary's economic profit?
 
a. $25,000 loss
b.$50,000 loss
c. $25,000 profit
d. $150,000 profit

 

 

A. A competitive firm

  1. can consider only its location in setting the price.
  2. must base its competitive price on product differentiation.
  3. has the ability to set its own price.
  4. must accept the price determined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves.
  5. has no supply curve.

B. If a firm is making an economic profit, then

  1. the factors of production are being paid their opportunity costs.
  2. there will be no change in the number of firms if the industry is perfectly competitive.
  3. the factors of production are being paid less than their opportunity costs.
  4. the factors of production are being paid more than their opportunity costs.
  5. the firm will exit the industry

C. Along a downward-sloping monopoly demand curve,

  1. marginal revenue is greater than price.
  2. the elasticity of demand is constant.
  3. marginal revenue decreases when the price decreases.
  4. marginal revenue is equal to zero when the price is equal to zero

D. If, in the short run, a perfectly competitive firm is producing at a point where the total cost is greater than total revenue, then the firm should

  1. shut down because economic profits are negative.
  2. continue to produce as long as P > AVC.
  3. continue to produce because accounting profits are positive.
  4. set a higher price for its output.
  5. set a lower price for its output

E. For a perfectly competitive firm, the demand curve is

  1. the marginal revenue curve.
  2. perfectly inelastic.
  3. always equal to marginal cost.
  4. the same as the market demand curve

F. A firm in a(n) industry will have the most elastic demand curve

  1. monopolistic
  2. oligopolistic
  3. monopolistically competitive
  4. perfectly competitive

G. If the demand curve of a monopolist is in the inelastic range, then

  1. total revenue will fall if the price increases.
  2. total revenue will be unchanged if the price increases.
  3. total revenue will rise if the price increases.
  4. the total supply will increase by an equal amount if demand increases.
  5. the price will be unchanged if total revenue increases

H. Monopolistic competition and oligopoly are examples of

  1. monopoly.
  2. perfect competition.
  3. theories of consumer behavior.
  4. imperfect competition.
  5. the extreme cases on the market structure continuum

I. Under which market structure do firms face the flattest (most elastic) demand curve?

  1. perfect competition
  2. monopolistic competition
  3. oligopoly
  4. monopoly

J. At the point of long-run equilibrium for a perfectly competitive firm,

  1. economic profits are zero.
  2. TR > TC.
  3. TR < TC.
  4. P = AVC.
  5. normal profits are zero.
Paul's accountant will most likely includes which of the followingcosts on his financial statements?Paul owns a car wash.
A) dividends Paul’s money was earning in the stock market beforePaul sold his stock and bought a car wash
B) All of the given answers are correct.
C) the cost of cleaning supplies
D) wages Paul could earn washing windows
2.
Farmer Jack decided to use his land to grow corn rather than use itto grow vegetables, the amount of money that he gave up by notgrowing vegetable is
A) forgone accounting profit.
B) an explicit cost.
C) an implicit cost.
D) an accounting cost
3.
Intel sold 2 million chips at a price of $10 per chip. For lastyear, the firm’s
A) explicit costs amounted to $20 million.
B) accounting profit amounted to $20 million.
C) economic profit amounted to $20 million.
D) total revenue amounted to $20 million.
4.
Mandy earned $40,000 per year in her Sales Manager job. She quither job in order to start her own catering business. To buy thenecessary equipment, she withdrew $20,000 from her savings, (whichpaid 3 percent interest) and borrowed $30,000 from her uncle, whomshe pays 3 percent interest per year. Last year she paid $25,000for ingredients and had revenue of $60,000. She asked Louis theaccountant and Greg the economist to calculate her profit forher.
A) Louis says her profit is $35,000 and Greg says she lost$5,000.
B) Louis says her profit is $34,100 and Greg says she lost$6,500.
C) Louis says her profit is $33,500 and Greg says her profit is33,500.
D) Louis says her profit is $34,100 and Greg says her profit is$6,500.
5.
In the short run
A) The firm can vary the size of its factory, but not the number ofworkers it employs.
B) The firm can vary neither the size of its factory nor the numberof workers it employs.
C) The firm can vary both the size of its factory and the number ofworkers it employs.
D) The firm can vary the number of workers it employs, but not thesize of its factory.
6.
If a firm’s production function is shown on a graph and the numberof workers hired is the only variable input, then

A) total cost is measured on the horizontal axis and the number ofworkers is measured on the vertical axis.
B) the number of workers is measured on the horizontal axis and thequantity of output is measured on the vertical axis.
C) the number of workers is measured on the horizontal axis andvariable cost is measured on the vertical axis.
D) the number of workers is measured on the horizontal axis andprofit is measured on the vertical axis.
7.
marginal cost is
A) The amount by which total cost rises when the firm produces oneadditional unit of output.
B) is calculated the same way as average cost
C) total cost minus fixed cost.
D) The amount of total cost divided by units of output.
8.
If a firm is at the efficient scale of output it means that thequantity of output is such that it
A) maximizes marginal product.
B) maximizes profit.
C) minimizes average total cost(ATC) and average variable cost isequal to ATC
D) minimizes average total cost (ATC)and marginal cost is equal tothe ATC
9.
When marginal cost is less than average total cost,
A) average total cost is rising.
B) average variable cost must be falling.
C) average total cost is falling.
D) marginal cost must be falling.
10.
Regarding a the firm's cost of production,which of the followingstatements is false?
A) Marginal cost is independent of fixed costs.
B) In the long run, there are no fixed costs.
C) Diminishing marginal product explains increasing marginalcost.
D) Economies of scale is a short-run concept.