BIOL 3120 Chapter Notes -Cytokine, Growth Factor, Natural Killer Cell
Document Summary
Mutation in tumor cells that generate altered peptides that are presented in mhc i. Expression of viral antigens in transformed cells. Oncofetal tumor antigens: result from mutation-induced reactivation of certain fetal or embryonic genes. Normally only appear early in embryonic development, before the immune system acquires immunocompetence. Overexpression of normal proteins (growth factors and growth factor receptors) Immunosurveillance: immune system continually monitors for and destroys neoplastic cells. Phase1, elimination: cancer cells are recognized by the immune system via their tumor antigens and targeted for destruction. In the process, some cells acquire mutations that allow them to resist immune destruction. Phase2, equilibrium: low levels of abnormal cells persist, but their proliferation and spread are held in check by the adaptive immune response (more mutations occur at this stage). Phase3, escape: most aggressive and least immunogenic cells survive and spread. Finally, those that survive are the most aggressive and least immunogenic (similar to natural selection)
