BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Dont, Cytosol, Atp Synthase

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22 Jun 2018

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October 16th, 2017

BIO 1000 - Metabolic pathways: Cellular Respiration (chp 6)

Cellular Respiration (p 121)

The collection of metabolic reactions w/in cells that breaks down food molecules & uses the liberated

free energy to synthesize ATP

Types (p 137) …

1. Aerobic respiration

Use Oxygen as terminal electron acceptor in ETC

2. Anaerobic respiration

Uses a molecule other than Oxygen as terminal electron accepter (Fe3+ sulfate, nitrate etc) in

ETC. No oxygen required

3. Fermentation (p 137)

doesn’t use ETC, no oxygen required

Redox Reactions (p 122)

Series of Oxidation – Reduction (redox) Reactions

Loss & addition (transfer) of electrons

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ->6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat

These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules

Oxidation = Loss of electrons

Reduction = Gain of electrons

Principle of Redox Reactions

Reducing Agent

oThe electron-donating molecule in a Redox rxn (being oxidized)

Oxidizing Agent

oThe electron-accepting molecule (being reduced)

Redox Reactions (*know what’s being oxidized & reduced*)

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Document Summary

Bio 1000 - metabolic pathways: cellular respiration (chp 6) The collection of metabolic reactions w/in cells that breaks down food molecules & uses the liberated free energy to synthesize atp. Use oxygen as terminal electron acceptor in etc: anaerobic respiration. Uses a molecule other than oxygen as terminal electron accepter (fe3+ sulfate, nitrate etc) in. No oxygen required: fermentation (p 137) doesn"t use etc, no oxygen required. Series of oxidation reduction (redox) reactions. C6h12o6 + 6o2 ->6co2 + 6h2o + atp + heat. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules. Reducing agent: the electron-donating molecule in a redox rxn (being oxidized) Oxidizing agent: the electron-accepting molecule (being reduced) Redox reactions (*know what"s being oxidized & reduced*) Electrons travel w/ protons (h+ : tf, addition or removal of h associated w/ redox rxns. Fadh2 (reduced form) used in electron transport chain to produce atp.

Related Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

	A.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
	B.	Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
	C.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

Question 2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

	A.	They produce glucose
	B.	The energy is coupled to oxygen
	C.	They produce ATP

Question 3

During redox reactions

	A.	the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction
	B.	electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
	C.	protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule

Question 4

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

	A.	gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
	B.	loss of electrons; gain of electrons
	C.	gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 5

During cellular respiration, NADH

	A.	delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.
	B.	is chemically converted into ATP
	C.	is the final electron acceptor

Question 6

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

	A.	the citric acid cycle only.
	B.	glycolysis only
	C.	the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

	A.	glycolysis
	B.	the citric acid cycle
	C.	electron transport chain

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

	A.	production of CO2
	B.	a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
	C.	conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and itâs movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD⁺ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for âreduction/oxidationâ reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO₂ is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from a single FADH₂ molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

scarletlocust623

1. How many ATP are produced between the kreb cycle and glycolysis
a. 4
b. 24
c. 6-8
d. 2

2. The total molecules of ATP from each molecule of glucose is the entire cellular respiration process is (pg 160)
a. 36-38
b. 2-4
c. 6-8
d. 32-38

3. Calvin cycle uses the cellular energy and NADPH to produce _________ from carbon dioxide
a. energy
b. ATP
c. AMP
d. sugar

4. The site of photosynthesis in plants is called the__________
a. chromoplast
b. carotenoids
c. chloroplant
d. chlorophyll

5. T or F The Calvin cycle can also be called the dark cycle of reaction

6. T or F Prokaryotes lack chloroplast but they do have membranes that operates in the same manner

7. What is proton-motive force?
A) the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen
B) the force exerted on a proton by a transmembrane proton concentration gradient
C) the force that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space
D) the force that moves hydrogen to NAD+
E) the force that moves hydrogen into the mitochondrion

8.In autotrophic bacteria, where are the enzymes located that can carry on carbon fixation (reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate)?

A) in chloroplast membranes
B) in the infolded plasma membrane
C) in chloroplast stroma
D) in the cytosol
E) in the nucleoid

9.Organism that depend on an outside source to produce food for their consumption using the process of photosynthesis are called ______________
a. saprobes
b. chemoautotrophs
c. heterotrophs
d. mixotrophs

10.In many chemical reactions, there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another transfers of electron are called________
a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. redox action
d. metabolism

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BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Dont, Cytosol, Atp Synthase

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