Step 2: making recombinant dna (inserting fragment into plasmid) step 3: transformation: introduce recombinant into bacteria b/c bacteria uptakes dna from environment step 4: selection. Doesn"t destroy own dna b/c attaches methyl groups to it, blocking binding of it. E. g. enzyme is ecori cleave"s backbone to make single-stranded ends in fragments called sticky ends as they"ll h-bond with any other. & using 4 dntp"s, iv- repeating same steps (another cycle), v-repeat again/another cycle, so of molecules have exact same length as target dna sequence. Gel electrophoresis: technique by which protein/dna/rna is separated in a gel subjected to an electric field. Gel functions as molecular sieve to separate macromolecules based on size, electric charge, or other properties. To separate dna (like those made from pcr), agarose gel, a natural molecule isolated from seaweed, is used b/c of large pore size; has field passing through it & separates dna based on size.
