ACTG 3110 Chapter 4: ACTG 3110 Chapter 4
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Case 10-1
Swisscom AG, the principal provider of telecommunications inSwitzerland, prepares consolidated financial statements inaccordance with IFRS. Until 2007, Swisscom also reconciled its netincome and stockholders’ equity to US GAAP. Swisscom consolidatedfinancial statements from a recent annual report are presented intheir original format in Column 1 of the following worksheet. Note27, Differences between IFRS and GAAP, which includes Swisscom’s USGAAP reconciliation, also is provided.
Required
Use the information in Note 27 to restate Swisscom’sconsolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP. Beginby constructing debit/credit entries for each reconciliation item,and then post these entries to columns 2 and 3 in the worksheetsprovided.
Calculate each of the following ratios under both IFRS and GAAPand determine the percentage differences between them, using IFRSratios as the base:
Net income/net revenue
Operating income/net revenues
Operating income/total assets
Net income/shareholders’ equity
Operating income/total shareholders’ equity
Current assets/current liabilities
Total liabilities/total shareholders’ equity
Which of these ratios is most (least) affected by the accountingstandards used?
| Worksheet for theRestatement of Swisscom's Financial Statements from IFRS to USGAAP | ||||
| Reconciling | Adjustment | |||
| IFRS | DR | CR | US GAAP | |
| Consolidated Statement of Operations | ||||
| Net revenue | 9,842 | |||
| Capitalized cost and changes ininventory | 277 | |||
| Total | 10,119 | |||
| Goods and services purchased | 1,666 | |||
| Personnel expenses | 2,584 | |||
| Other operating expenses | 2,090 | |||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,739 | |||
| Restructuring charges | 1,726 | |||
| Total operating expenses | 9,805 | |||
| Operating income | 314 | |||
| Interest expense | (428) | |||
| Financial income | 25 | |||
| Income(loss) before incometaxes and equity in net loss of affiliated companies | (89) | |||
| Income tax expense | 1 | |||
| Income(loss) before equity innet loss of affiliated companies | (90) | |||
| Equity in net loss of affiliatedcompanies | (325) | |||
| Net income(loss) | (415) | |||
| Consolidated Retained EarningsStatement | ||||
| Retained earnings, 1/1 | (151) | |||
| Net loss | (415) | |||
| Profit distribution declared | (1,282) | |||
| Conversion of loan payable to equity | 3,200 | |||
| Retained earnings, 12/31 | 1,352 | |||
| Assets | ||||
| Current assets | ||||
| Cash and equivalents | 256 | |||
| Securities available for sale | 51 | |||
| Trade accounts receivable | 2,052 | |||
| Inventories | 169 | |||
| Other current assets | 34 | |||
| Total current assets | 2,562 | |||
| Noncurrent assets | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 11,453 | |||
| Investments | 1,238 | |||
| Other noncurrent assets | 220 | |||
| Total noncurrent assets | 12,911 | |||
| Total assets | 15,473 | |||
| Current liabilities | ||||
| Short-term debt | 1,178 | |||
| Trade accounts payable | 889 | |||
| Accrued pension cost | 789 | |||
| Other current liabilities | 2,213 | |||
| Total current liabilities | 5,069 | |||
| Long-term liabilities | ||||
| Long-term debt | 6,200 | |||
| Finance lease obligation | 439 | |||
| Accrued pension cost | 1,488 | |||
| Accrued liabilities | 709 | |||
| Other long-term liabilities | 338 | |||
| Total long-term liabilities | 9,174 | |||
| Total liabilities | 14,243 | |||
| Shareholders' equity | ||||
| Retained earnings | 1,352 | |||
| Unrealized market valueadjustment on securities available for sale | 39 | |||
| Cumulative translation adjustment | (161) | |||
| Total shareholders' equity | 1,230 | |||
| Total liabilities and shareholders'equity | 15,473 | |||
27. Differences between IFRS and GAAP
The consolidated financial statements of Swisscom have beenprepared in accordance with IFRS, which differ in certain respectsfrom GAAP in the US. Application of US GAAP would have affected thebalance sheet and net income (loss) to the extent described below.A description of the material differences between IFRS and GAAP asthey relate to Swisscom are discussed in further detail below.
Reconciliation of net income (loss) from IFRS toGAAP
The following schedule illustrates the significant adjustmentsto reconcile net income (loss) in accordance with US GAAP to theamounts determined under IFRS, for the current year ended December31.
| (CHF in millions) | ||
| Net income (loss) according toIFRS | (415) | |
| US GAAP adjustments: | ||
| Capitalization of interest cost | 8 | |
| Restructuring charges | 205 | |
| Depreciation expense | -5 | |
| Capitalization of software | 182 | |
| Restructuring charges byaffiliates | 50 | |
| Net income according to GAAP | 25 | |
Reconciliation of shareholders’ equity from IFRS toGAAP
The following is a reconciliation of the significant adjustmentsnecessary to reconcile shareholders’ equity in accordance with USGAAP to the amounts determined under IFRS as at December 31 of thecurrent year.
| (CHF in millions) | ||
| Shareholders' equity accordingto IFRS | 1230 | |
| US GAAP adjustments: | ||
| Capitalization of interest cost | 54 | |
| Restructuring charges | 205 | |
| Depreciation expense | -5 | |
| Capitalization of software | 475 | |
| Restructuring charges byaffiliates | 50 | |
| Shareholders' equity accordingto GAAP | 2009 | |
Capitalization of interest cost
Swisscom expenses all interest costs as incurred. US GAAPrequires interest costs incurred during the construction ofproperty, plant and equipment to be capitalized. Under US GAAP,Swisscom would have capitalized CHF 13 million and amortized CHF 5million for the current year.
Restructuring charges
During the current year, Swisscom recognized under IFRSrestructuring charges totaling CHF 1726 million. The followingschedule illustrates adjustments necessary to reconcile thesecharges to amounts determined under US GAAP.
| Restructuringcharges in accordance with IFRS | ||
| Personnel restructuringcharges | 1326 | |
| Write-down of long-livedassets | 316 | |
| Misc. restructuring charges | 84 | |
| Total in accordance with IFRS | 1726 | |
| Adjustments to restructuringcharges to accord with GAAP | (205) | |
| Restructuring charges inaccordance with GAAP | 1521 | |
Reconciliation of restructuring charges | ||
| Restructuring chargesaccording to US GAAP consist of the following: | ||
| Personnel restructuringcharges | 1228 | |
| Write-down of long-livedassets | 209 | |
| Misc. restructuring charges | 84 | |
| Restructuring charges inaccordance with GAAP | 1521 | |
Depreciation expense
Due to the difference in carrying value of long-lived assetsafter write-downs describe in (b), there is a difference in theamount of depreciation expense taken under IFRS and GAAP. Anadjustment is made for the current year to record an additional CHF5 million of depreciation under US GAAP.
Capitalization of software
Swisscom has expensed software costs as incurred. For US GAAPpurposes, external consultant costs incurred I the development ofsoftware for internal use has been capitalized. These costs arebeing amortized over a 3 year period. The capitalization ofsoftware costs accords with common practice in the UStelecommunications industry.
Swisscom has capitalized, as disclosed in the reconciliation ofnet income (loss) and shareholders’ equity to US GAAP, CHF 220million and amortized CHF 37 million in the previous year andcapitalized CHF 370 million and amortized CHF 188 million in thecurrent year.
Restructuring charges of affiliates
During the current year, Swisscom’s share of personnel and otherrestructuring charges recorded by affiliates amounted to CHF 50million. These restructuring charges do not meet all therecognition criteria contained in EITF 94-3 and therefore cannot beexpensed in the current year, under US GAAP.
(Refinancing of Short-Term Debt)
On December 31, 2017, Hornsby Corporation had $1.2 million ofshort-term debt in the form of notes payable due on February 2,2018. On January 21, 2018, in order to ensure that it hadsufficient funds to pay for the short-term debt when it matured,Hornsby issued 25,000 common shares for $38 per share, receiving$950,000 in proceeds after brokerage fees and other costs ofissuance. On February 2, 2018, the proceeds from the sale of theshares, along with an additional $250,000 cash, were used toliquidate the $1.2-million debt. The December 31, 2017 balancesheet is issued on February 23, 2018.
| Instructions (a)Assuming that Hornsby follows ASPE, show how the $1.2 million ofshort-term debt should be presented on the December 31, 2017balance sheet, including the note disclosure. (b)Assuming that Hornsby follows IFRS, explain how the $1.2 millionof short-term debt should be presented on the December 31, 2017statement of financial position. (c)Considering only the effect of the $1.2-million short-term notespayable, would Hornsby's current ratio appear higher if Hornsbyfollowed ASPE, or if Hornsby followed IFRS? Discuss your answerfrom the perspective of a creditor. |
