PS101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Francis Bacon, Deductive Reasoning, Inductive Reasoning
Document Summary
In the chapter we nd out scienti c research methods os physichologists and how they are used. Similar principles and beliefs about how to understand the world. Reliance on the scienti c method to discover and sharpen knowledge. Things happen arounsis in an orderly fashion described using rules or law. We can nd laws to make predictions by observing. Deductive reasoning: broad basic principles applied to speci c situations. Sir francis bacon was rst to question deductive reasoning. Biases: distorted beliefs based on a person"s subjective sense of reality. Inductive reasoning: reasoning from small speci c situations to more general truths. Empirical: able to be tested in objective ways. Hypothetico-deductive reasoning: educated guess based on past research and set out to design small observations to support or invalidate the hypothesis. This reasoning is what is most used today. Hypotheses: a statement about the way variables relate that is objectively falsi able.
