KP222 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Thermodynamics, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Bond Energy
13 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Metabolism total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells. Energy metabolism set of reactions involved in energy storage and use. Reactions are bidirectional they go in both the forward and reverse directions. Catabolic: breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. Anabolic: production of larger molecules from smaller ones. Hydrolysis: water reacts with molecules to break them down. Condensation: two molecules join together to form a larger molecule and a water molecule, opposite of hydrolysis. Phosphorylation: addition of a phosphate group (p or pi) to a molecule. Bond between p and molecule is a phosphate bond. Dephosphorylation: removal of a phosphate group. Remove electrons from a molecule: reduction. First law of thermodynamics: energy can not be created or destroyed. Second law of thermodynamics: the tendency of the universe is toward disorder. Natural processes try to spread things out . The universe prefers having larger molecules spread out into smaller molecules.
