EC140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 25: Output Gap, Potential Output, Investment Goods

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17 Apr 2016

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Macroeconomic variables behave diferently over the short-run and over the long-run. One example: a monetary policy designed to reduce inlation and nominal interest rates in the long-run requires an increase in interest rates in the short-run. Another example: an increase in households" or irms" saving rates will reduce the level of output in the short-run, but it will increase output in the long-run. In the short-run, there is some adjustment of output and employment but little adjustment of wages and prices. In the long-run, full adjustment of wages and prices is assumed to take place. Short-run changes in gdp are shown mostly by changes in the output gap. Long-run changes in gdp are relected by changes in the level of potential. Any change in gdp can be decomposed into a change in factor supply, a change in factor utilization, and a change in productivity.

Related Questions

1. In the long run, when prices are perfectly flexible:

a. aggregate supply is vertical and a market economy is self-correcting.

b. a market economy cannot self-correct.

c. government will be required to set prices to maintain equilibrium.

d. changes in aggregate demand cause equilibrium real GDP to change.

2. An increase in household wealth when the SRAS curve is upward sloping:

a. leads to an increase in the price level but has no impact on real GDP

b. has no impact on the price level but leads to an increase in real GDP

c. leads to an increase in both the price level and real GDP

d. has no impact on the price level or real GDP

3. In the long run, continued increases in aggregate demand not matched by similar increases in aggregate supply will cause:

a. an increase in the full-employment level of real GDP

b. a recessionary gap

c. a decrease in the price level

d. an increase in the price level

4. The vertical long-run aggregate supply curve implies that:

a. changes in aggregate demand will not affect the price level

b. the short-run aggregate supply curve is also vertical

c. natural or full-employment real GDP does not depend on the price level, in the long run

d. natural or full-employment real GDP is the same as the equilibrium real GDP in the short run

5. A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve illustrates:

a. economic growth

b. a recessionary gap

c. an inflationary gap

d. a decrease in natural real GDP

6. When the economy is in a recessionary gap

a. there is a surplus of labor

b. there is a shortage of labor

c. it is producing a real GDP level that is greater than natural real GDP

d. the unemployment rate is less than the natural unemployment rate

7. If the actual unemployment rate is less than the natural unemployment rate:

a. a recessionary gap exists and wages are likely to rise

b. an inflationary gap exists and wages are likely to rise

c. a recessionary gap exists and wages are likely to fall

d. an inflationary gap exists and wages are likely to fall

8. An economy in long-run equilibrium is producing:

a. a level of real GDP that is greater than its natural real GDP

b. where both the price level and real output are maximized

c. a level of real GDP equal to its natural real GDP

d. in the vertical range of aggregate demand.

crimsonreindeer720

1) If actual (equilibrium ) real GDP is less than the full-employment, or natural, level of real GDP, then wages and other input prices are expected to:

a. fall and SRAS to shift to the left until long-run equilibrium is achieved.

b. fall and SRAS to shift to the right until long-run equilibrium is achieved.

c. rise and SRAS to shift to the left until long-run equilibrium is achieved.

d. rise and SRAS to shift to the right until long-run equilibrium is achieved.

2) In a self-regulating economy, inflationary gaps are automatically eliminated in the long run by:

a. decreases in wage rates that cause short-run aggregate supply to shift rightward.

b. decreases in wage rates that cause short-run aggregate supply to shift leftward.

c. increases in wage rates that cause short-run aggregate supply to shift rightward.

d. increases in wage rates that cause short-run aggregate supply to shift leftward.

3) Assume the economy is initially in equilibrium at the full-employment level of real GDP. If businesses and consumers become pessimistic regarding future economic conditions, ceteris paribus, the aggregate demand curve will shift to the ________, causing the level of output to ______.

a. left; fall

b. right; fall

c. left; rise

d. right; rise

4) Economists that advocate a macroeconomic policy of laissez-faire:

a. believe the economy is self-regulating only if the government intervenes to move the economy to equilibrium at natural real GDP.

b. believe the economy is self-regulating and will automatically move to equilibrium at natural real GDP in the long run.

c. also advocate central planning and government control of resources.

d. also advocate active government intervention in the economy.

5) Which of the following summarizes the process for closing a recessionary gap if the economy is self-regulating?

a. Labor shortages put upward pressure on wages, which leads to higher costs of production and a decrease in short-run aggregate supply.

b. Labor shortages put downward pressure on wages, which leads to increases in employment and spending and an increase in aggregate demand.

c. Unemployed resources put upward pressure on the price level, which leads to higher wages, increases in spending, and increases in aggregate demand.

d. Unemployed resources put downward pressure on the price level, which leads to lower costs of production and an increase in short-run aggregate supply.

cyanmallard742

1. As prices fall, the value of people's existing assets rises and people increase expenditures. This occurs as a result of the:

a. international effect.

b. interest rate effect.

c. money wealth effect.

d. multiplier effect.

2. An increase in aggregate demand, in the long run, will change:

a. both output and the price level.

b. neither output nor the price level.

c. the price level but not output.

d. output but not the price level.

3. A change in which of the following will shift the long-run aggregate supply curve?

a. The price level

b. Aggregate demand

c. Available resources

d. Sales or excise taxes

4. If potential output exceeds actual output, the economy:

a. is experiencing a recessionary gap.

b. is in neither a short-run nor long-run equilibrium.

c. may be in a long-run equilibrium but is not in short-run equilibrium.

d. is experiencing an inflationary gap.

5. Keynes believed the economy was:

a. always moving toward potential income.

b. always at potential income.

c. always moving away from potential income.

d. fluctuating around potential income.

scarletwalrus565

EC140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 25: Output Gap, Potential Output, Investment Goods

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