BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Closed System, Thermodynamics, Potential Energy

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24 Oct 2013

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4. 1 - energy and laws of thermodynamics. Energy is the capacity to do work. Kinetic energy is energy due to an objects motion. Potential energy is stored energy (due to chemical structure or location) Laws of thermodynamics: thermodynamics --> study of energy. Isolate system --> no exchange of matter or energy: closed system --> exchange of energy, open system --> exchange of energy and matter. Energy can be transformed from form to another. Some energy is lost each time it"s transformed.

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What is an exergonic reaction?

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1A.

A <---> B

You measure the amount of molecules A and B for the reversible reaction above at a particular time point and find more of molecule A than of B. Your colleague believes that the reaction is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements about this reaction is correct? (select all that apply)

A	A --> B is exergonic
B	B --> A is exergonic
C	B --> A is endergonic
D	A --> B is endergonic
E	Your colleague must be wrong. If the reaction were at equilibrium, there must be equal amounts of molecule A and B.

1B. Which of the following is/are true of energy and chemical gradients? (select all that apply)

A	A concentration gradient represents a form of potential (stored) energy.
B	Movement of a molecule down a concentration gradient across a membrane releases energy that can be used to do work.
C	If a molecules cross a membrane at equal rates in both directions (is at equilibrium) this movement is neither exergonic or endergonic.
D	Moving molecules against a concentration gradient is an endergonic process.

sapphireant197

Question 1

Which is a population?

		All the members of a species inhabiting a given location.
		All the interacting populations in a given area.
		The living community and the physical environment functioning together as an independant and relatively stable system.
		All of the above

5 points

Question 2

Which is not an abiotic factor?

		Intensity of light
		type of substratum
		range of temperatures
		living things

5 points

Question 3

What does the fertility rate have to be in order to keep a population stable (neither increasing or decreasing)?

		1
		2
		3
		4

5 points

Question 4

Japan's population is falling due to a low fertility rate.

True

False

5 points

Question 5

When the population remains relatively constant over a number of years this is known as

		steady state
		abiotic state
		biotic state
		Both abiotic and biotic states

5 points

Question 6

Which are the living components of the environment?

		biotic factors
		abiotic factors
		neutrality factors
		non-organic factors

5 points

Question 7

What is carrying capacity?

		The maximum number of organisms the resources of an area can support.
		The amount of abiotic factors in an area.
		The amount of energy.
		The density of a star.

5 points

Question 8

Which can synthesize their own food?

		heterotroph
		herbivore
		autotroph
		carnivore

5 points

Question 9

Which is an example of a saprophyte?

		vulture
		bacteria
		mouse
		frog

5 points

Question 10

This consumes both plants and animals.

		Carnivore
		Herbivore
		Omnivore
		Tachivore

5 points

Question 11

Global warming might actually cause global freezing.

True

False

5 points

Question 12

There are good odds that a future virus can cause the extinction of the human race.

True

False

5 points

Question 13

A heterotroph can make its own food.

True

False

5 points

Question 14

According to the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, disorder always increases.

True

False

5 points

Question 15

In 5 billion years the Sun will expand and burn up the Earth.

True

False

5 points

Question 16

Einstein stated that World War 4 will be fought with sticks and stones.

True

False

5 points

Question 17

Which is not true of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

		Energy cannot be created
		Energy cannot be destroyed.
		Energy can change forms.
		All are true.

5 points

Question 18

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the heat death of the universe is its ultimate fate.

True

False

5 points

Question 19

Which is organic?

		CH₄
		CO₂
		H₂O
		N₂

5 points

Question 20

The Sun and the core are the primary energy sources for the Earth.

True

False

limejackal967

BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Closed System, Thermodynamics, Potential Energy

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